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Location matters for insulin-producing cells
Intrinsic and extrinsic cues drive dynamic processes that control cell fate during organ development. A study of mouse and human cells reveals how these inputs affect cells that make the essential hormone insulin.
Francesca M. Spagnoli
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CDK12 regulates DNA repair genes by suppressing intronic polyadenylation
The kinase CDK12 suppresses usage of intronic polyadenylation sites and thereby promotes the expression of genes involved in homologous recombination DNA repair.
Sara J. Dubbury,
Paul L. Boutz,
Phillip A. Sharp
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Extreme-ultraviolet refractive optics
A refractive lens and a refractive prism for extreme-ultraviolet radiation have been developed that use the deflection of the radiation in an inhomogeneous jet of atoms.
L. Drescher, O. Kornilov, T. Witting et al.
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FBXO38 mediates PD-1 ubiquitination and regulates anti-tumour immunity of T cells
PD-1 undergoes internalization, FBXO38-mediated ubiquitination and proteasome degradation in activated T cells, and inhibition of this pathway dampens anti-tumour immunity of T cells.
Xiangbo Meng, Xiwei Liu, Xingdong Guo et al.
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Metabolic reprogramming by the S-nitroso-CoA reductase system protects against kidney injury
AKR1A1-regulated protein S-nitrosylation protects against kidney injury through PKM2-mediated metabolic reprogramming.
Hua-Lin Zhou, Rongli Zhang, Puneet Anand et al.
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Stella safeguards the oocyte methylome by preventing de novo methylation mediated by DNMT1
Stella, a factor essential for female fertility, protects the oocyte methylome in mice by suppressing de novo DNA methylation mediated by the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1.
Yingfeng Li, Zhuqiang Zhang, Jiayu Chen et al.
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How cells hush a viral invader
Viruses can insert a copy of their genetic sequence into a host cell’s genome. If the insertion fails, gene expression of unintegrated viral DNA in the nucleus is silenced. How this process occurs has now been uncovered.
Parinaz Fozouni,
Melanie Ott
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PtdIns4P on dispersed trans-Golgi network mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Recruitment of NLRP3 to the dispersed trans-Golgi network via binding to PtdIns4P is required for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by diverse stimuli.
Jueqi Chen,
Zhijian J. Chen
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Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level
Improved techniques allow the measurement of a frequency difference with an uncertainty of the order of 10–19 between two independent atomic optical lattice clocks, suggesting that they may be able to improve state-of-the-art geodetic techniques.
W. F. McGrew, X. Zhang, R. J. Fasano et al.
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Mechanosignalling via integrins directs fate decisions of pancreatic progenitors
Single-cell analysis reveals that interactions with the extracellular matrix via integrin α5 and mechanotransducer YAP1 determine whether pancreatic progenitors develop along the duct or endocrine lineages.
Anant Mamidi, Christy Prawiro, Philip A. Seymour et al.
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Metabolism reprogrammed by the nitric oxide signalling molecule
The signalling molecule nitric oxide protects the kidneys by reprogramming metabolism, and its levels are regulated by a two-component system in mice. These findings identify new targets for drug discovery.
Charles J. Lowenstein
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NP220 mediates silencing of unintegrated retroviral DNA
In mammalian cells, NP220 is a key protein that recruits the HUSH complex, SETDB1 and the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC4 to silence unintegrated retroviral DNA.
Yiping Zhu, Gary Z. Wang, Oya Cingöz et al.
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Trophoblast organoids as a model for maternal–fetal interactions during human placentation
An in vitro system that generates three-dimensional cultures of extraembryonic fetal trophoblast cells that differentiate into the two main types of trophoblast can be used to study human placental development.
Margherita Y. Turco, Lucy Gardner, Richard G. Kay et al.
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Reversible superdense ordering of lithium between two graphene sheets
Using a double-aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, intercalation of lithium between two graphene sheets is found to produce a dense, multilayer lithium phase, rather than the expected single layer.
Matthias Kühne, Felix Börrnert, Sven Fecher et al.
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Darwin’s finches choose parent lookalikes as mates
A preference for mating with similar individuals can have a key role in speciation. Research on Darwin’s finches suggests that individuals might use the likeness of their parents as a guide for choosing mates.
Lewis G. Spurgin,
Tracey Chapman
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Reward behaviour is regulated by the strength of hippocampus–nucleus accumbens synapses
Dopamine-independent induction of long-term potentiation at hippocampal synapses onto the nucleus accumbens modulates reward-related behaviour.
Tara A. LeGates, Mark D. Kvarta, Jessica R. Tooley et al.
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Quantum control of surface acoustic-wave phonons
A non-classical superposition of zero- and one-phonon mechanical Fock states is generated and measured by strongly coupling a surface acoustic-wave resonator to a superconducting qubit.
K. J. Satzinger, Y. P. Zhong, H.-S. Chang et al.
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A structural transition in physical networks
A modelling framework is presented to determine the optimal layout and physical properties of networks in which the nodes and links have physical sizes and intersections between components is prohibited.
Nima Dehmamy,
Soodabeh Milanlouei,
Albert-László Barabási
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Helios is a key transcriptional regulator of outer hair cell maturation
Ikzf2, which encodes the transcription factor Helios, is identified as a crucial regulator of gene expression in maturing cochlear outer hair cells, and overexpression of Ikzf2 in inner hair cells induces prestin expression and electromotility.
Lauren Chessum, Maggie S. Matern, Michael C. Kelly et al.
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Mannose impairs tumour growth and enhances chemotherapy
Mannose reduces the growth of tumour cells by impairing the metabolism of glucose, and enhances cell death when used in combination with conventional chemotherapy.
Pablo Sierra Gonzalez, James O’Prey, Simone Cardaci et al.
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