| |
Gut microbes alter the walking activity of fruit flies
A gut bacterium has been found to modulate locomotor activity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This effect is mediated by the level of a sugar and the activity of neurons that produce the molecule octopamine.
Angela E. Douglas
|
Gene expression variability across cells and species shapes innate immunity
Comparison of transcriptomic data from immune-stimulated cells across different species sheds light on the architecture of the innate immune response.
Tzachi Hagai, Xi Chen, Ricardo J. Miragaia et al.
|
Increased synthesis of a coenzyme linked to longevity can combat disease
The coenzyme NAD+ can be produced from the amino acid tryptophan. It emerges that inhibiting an enzyme that degrades an intermediate in this pathway can help to combat kidney and liver diseases in mouse models.
Samir M. Parikh
|
De novo NAD+ synthesis enhances mitochondrial function and improves health
Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase increases NAD+ and improves mitochondrial function in nematodes and mice, and may have therapeutic potential in kidney and liver disease.
Elena Katsyuba, Adrienne Mottis, Marika Zietak et al.
|
Nuclear cGAS suppresses DNA repair and promotes tumorigenesis
DNA damage induces translocation of cyclic GMP–AMP synthase to the nucleus, where it suppresses homologous recombination by interfering with the formation of the PARP1–Timeless complex.
Haipeng Liu, Haiping Zhang, Xiangyang Wu et al.
|
Remarkable muscles, remarkable locomotion in desert-dwelling wildebeest
Wildebeest, particularly during their long migrations under hot arid conditions, gain a considerable increase in range as a result of having highly efficient muscles.
Nancy A. Curtin, Hattie L. A. Bartlam-Brooks, Tatjana Y. Hubel et al.
|
Mechanoresponsive stem cells acquire neural crest fate in jaw regeneration
Reversion of adult skeletal stem cells to a developmental state underlies the growth of new bone during jaw regeneration, in a process that relies on mechanotransduction via the focal adhesion kinase protein.
Ryan C. Ransom, Ava C. Carter, Ankit Salhotra et al.
|
A gut microbial factor modulates locomotor behaviour in Drosophila
Female Drosophila that lack a microbiota are hyperactive, and xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus brevis is sufficient to reverse this effect.
Catherine E. Schretter, Jost Vielmetter, Imre Bartos et al.
|
The Moral Machine experiment
Responses from more than two million people to an internet-based survey of attitudes towards moral dilemmas that might be faced by autonomous vehicles shed light on similarities and variations in ethical preferences among different populations.
Edmond Awad, Sohan Dsouza, Richard Kim et al.
|
Transcriptional regulation of nitrogen-associated metabolism and growth
The yeast one-hybrid network for nitrogen-associated metabolism in Arabidopsis reveals the transcription factors that regulate the architecture of root and shoot systems under conditions of changing nitrogen availability.
Allison Gaudinier, Joel Rodriguez-Medina, Lifang Zhang et al.
|
Palladium-mediated enzyme activation suggests multiphase initiation of glycogenesis
The mechanism of glycogenesis, initiated by glycogenin, involves three distinct kinetic phases, with the final phase involving a refining process where only glucose is tolerated as a substrate.
Matthew K. Bilyard, Henry J. Bailey, Lluís Raich et al.
|
Base-free nickel-catalysed decarbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of acid fluorides
This nickel-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl boronic acids with in-situ-generated acid fluorides does not require an exogenous base and is applicable to a range of base-sensitive boronic acids and bioactive carboxylic acids.
Christian A. Malapit, James R. Bour, Conor E. Brigham et al.
|
Credibility-enhancing displays promote the provision of non-normative public goods
A field study and three experiments demonstrate that people who engage in rare (non-normative) prosocial behaviours will be more effective advocates for those behaviours than people who merely praise the virtues of these prosocial behaviours.
Gordon T. Kraft-Todd, Bryan Bollinger, Kenneth Gillingham et al.
|
Gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2
Monolayers of Fe3GeTe2 exhibit itinerant ferromagnetism with an out-of-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy; ionic gating raises the ferromagnetic transition temperature of few-layer Fe3GeTe2 to room temperature.
Yujun Deng, Yijun Yu, Yichen Song et al.
|
Immune-cell crosstalk in multiple sclerosis
Interactions between the B and T cells of the human immune system are implicated in the brain disease multiple sclerosis. It emerges that B cells make a protein that is also made in the brain, and that T cells recognize this protein.
Richard M. Ransohoff
|
Catalytic enantioconvergent coupling of secondary and tertiary electrophiles with olefins
Nickel-catalysed coupling of racemic alkyl electrophiles and olefins in the presence of a hydrosilane is achieved with good enantioselectivity and yield under very mild reaction conditions.
Zhaobin Wang,
Haolin Yin,
Gregory C. Fu
|
|
|
Comprehensive measurement of pp-chain solar neutrinos
All components of the proton–proton nuclear fusion chain, in which hydrogen is converted into helium in the Sun, are described, with several implications for fundamental solar and particle physics.
The Borexino Collaboration
|
|
Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits
A global model finds that the environmental impacts of the food system could increase by 60–90% by 2050, and that dietary changes, improvements in technologies and management, and reductions in food loss and waste will all be needed to mitigate these impacts.
Marco Springmann, Michael Clark, Daniel Mason-D’Croz et al.
|
|
Functional genomic landscape of acute myeloid leukaemia
Analyses of samples from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia reveal that drug response is associated with mutational status and gene expression; the generated dataset provides a basis for future clinical and functional studies of this disease.
Jeffrey W. Tyner, Cristina E. Tognon, Daniel Bottomly et al.
|
|
Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signalling interference
Lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus bacteria block quorum sensing by Staphylococcus aureus and thereby inhibit the growth of this opportunistic pathogen in the gut, suggesting why people in rural Thailand who are colonized by Bacillus are not also colonized by S. aureus.
Pipat Piewngam, Yue Zheng, Thuan H. Nguyen et al.
|
|
|
Device-independent quantum random-number generation
Genuine, unpredictable quantum random-number generation that is provably secure against quantum and classical adversaries is demonstrated, certified by the loophole-free violation of a Bell inequality.
Yang Liu, Qi Zhao, Ming-Han Li et al.
|
|
Exciton-polariton topological insulator
A part-light, part-matter exciton-polariton topological insulator is created in an array of semiconductor microcavities.
S. Klembt, T. H. Harder, O. A. Egorov et al.
|
|
Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study
Metagenomic sequencing analysis of stool samples from 903 children as part of the TEDDY study shows that breastfeeding was the most important factor associated with microbiome structure, and the cessation of breast milk resulted in faster maturation of the gut microbiome.
Christopher J. Stewart, Nadim J. Ajami, Jacqueline L. O’Brien et al.
|
|
The human gut microbiome in early-onset type 1 diabetes from the TEDDY study
An analysis of more than 10,000 metagenomes from the TEDDY study provides a detailed functional profile of the gut microbiome in relation to islet autoimmunity, and supports the protective effects of short-chain fatty acids in early-onset type 1 diabetes.
Tommi Vatanen, Eric A. Franzosa, Randall Schwager et al.
|
|
OTX2 restricts entry to the mouse germline
The transcription factor OTX2 ensures that germline induction is initially kept in check and only proceeds after OTX2 downregulation.
Jingchao Zhang, Man Zhang, Dario Acampora et al.
|
|
|
|
|
|
