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The axolotl
genome and the evolution of key tissue formation
regulators
OPEN
Sequencing and
assembly of the 32-Gb genome of the Mexican axolotl
reveals that it lacks the developmental gene
Pax3, which is essential in other vertebrates;
the genome sequence could improve our understanding of
the evolution of the axolotl’s remarkable regenerative
capabilities. |
Evolutionary
routes and KRAS dosage define pancreatic cancer
phenotypes
Oncogenic dosage
variation along distinct evolutionary routes defines
fundamental aspects of pancreatic cancer biology and
phenotypic diversification. |
The genome of
Schmidtea mediterranea and the evolution of core
cellular mechanisms
OPEN
An improved
genome assembly for Schmidtea mediterranea shows
that the genome is highly polymorphic and repetitive,
and lacks multiple genes encoding core components of
cell biological mechanisms. |
Biomechanics
of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and
impala
Analysis and
modelling of locomotor characteristics of two pursuit
predator–prey pairs show that hunts at lower speeds
enable prey to use their maximum manoeuvring capacity
and favour prey survival. |
| Structure and
mechanogating mechanism of the Piezo1
channel |
| The atomic
structure of a eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase
complex |
Strong disk
winds traced throughout outbursts in black-hole X-ray
binaries
Analysis of the
light curves of outbursts in black-hole X-ray binaries
suggests that throughout the accretion process mass is
lost from the accretion disks through strong,
magnetically driven disk winds. |
A
parsec-scale optical jet from a massive young star in
the Large Magellanic Cloud
Observations of
a highly collimated, parsec-scale jet emitted from a
massive young stellar object in the Large Magellanic
Cloud indicate that jet launching and collimation are
independent of stellar mass. |
The honeycomb
maze provides a novel test to study
hippocampal-dependent spatial
navigation
A newly designed
honeycomb maze presents several advantages over current
spatial navigation assays that include greater control
over the rat’s choices throughout the task and the
collection of electrophysiological data during
navigation. |
Tet2 promotes
pathogen infection-induced myelopoiesis through mRNA
oxidation
A report of RNA
5-methylcytosine oxidation by mammalian Tet2, showing
that Tet2 promotes infection-induced myelopoiesis in
mice via a mechanism involving the repression of
Socs3 mRNA, a previously unknown regulatory
role of Tet2 at the epitranscriptomic
level. |
Innate and
adaptive lymphocytes sequentially shape the gut
microbiota and lipid metabolism
Distinct
populations of lymphocytes act sequentially during
development to direct maturation of the mammalian gut
microbiota. |
Small-scale
soft-bodied robot with multimodal
locomotion
A tiny
soft-bodied robot is described that can be magnetically
actuated to swim, climb, roll, walk and jump, while
carrying a load. |
Tissue-selective
effects of nucleolar stress and rDNA damage in
developmental disorders
Mutations
associated with Treacher Collins syndrome perturb the
subnuclear localization of an RNA helicase involved in
ribosome biogenesis through activation of p53 protein,
illustrating how disruption in general regulators that
compromise nucleolar homeostasis can result in
tissue-selective malformations. |
Mitochondrial
translation requires folate-dependent tRNA
methylation
Mammalian
mitochondria use folate-bound one-carbon units generated
by the enzyme SHMT2 to methylate tRNA, and this
modification is required for mitochondrial translation
and thus oxidative phosphorylation. |
A major
lineage of non-tailed dsDNA viruses as unrecognized
killers of marine bacteria
Members of a
family of marine dsDNA non-tailed bacterial viruses have
short, 10-kb genomes, infect a broader range of hosts
than tailed viruses and belong to the double jelly roll
capsid lineage of viruses, which are associated with
diverse bacterial and archaeal hosts. |
Mitochondria–lysosome
contacts regulate mitochondrial fission via RAB7 GTP
hydrolysis
Formation of
inter-organelle contacts between mitochondria and
lysosomes, regulated by lysosomal RAB7 GTP hydrolysis,
allows for bidirectional regulation of mitochondrial and
lysosomal dynamics. |
| Sequences
enriched in Alu repeats drive nuclear localization of
long RNAs in human cells |
| Structure of
the D2 dopamine receptor bound to the
atypical antipsychotic drug
risperidone | |
An
800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly
neutral Universe at a redshift of
7.5
Observations of
a quasar at redshift 7.54, when the Universe was just
five per cent of its current age, suggest that the
Universe was significantly neutral at this
epoch.
Eduardo
Bañados, Bram P. Venemans, Chiara Mazzucchelli et
al. |
Monitoring T
cell–dendritic cell interactions in vivo by
intercellular enzymatic labelling
Interactions
between receptors and ligands on immune cells are
visualized in vivo and in vitro using an
enzyme-tagged ligand that, when cells interact, leaves
behind a detectable label on the receptor-expressing
cell.
Giulia
Pasqual, Aleksey Chudnovskiy, Jeroen M. J. Tas et
al. |
Orbital
misalignment of the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b with
the spin of its cool star
Mapping the
three-dimensional trajectory of a Neptune-mass exoplanet
across the disk of its cool star reveals that its orbit
is nearly perpendicular to the stellar equator, implying
the existence of a yet-undetected outer companion
planet.
Vincent
Bourrier, Christophe Lovis, Hervé Beust et
al. |
Enhancement
and sign change of magnetic correlations in a driven
quantum many-body system
By periodically
modulating the position of degenerate fermions
unidirectionally in a three-dimensional optical lattice,
antiferromagnetic correlations in this many-body system
can be reduced, enhanced or even switched to
ferromagnetic correlations.
Frederik
Görg, Michael Messer, Kilian Sandholzer et
al. |
Regulation
of embryonic haematopoietic multipotency by
EZH1
The production
of haematopoietic stem cells is repressed during early
mammalian embryogenesis by an epigenetic mechanism that
involves the action of the Polycomb protein
EZH1.
Linda
T. Vo, Melissa A. Kinney, Xin Liu et
al. |
Clonal
evolution mechanisms in NT5C2 mutant-relapsed
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Mutations in the
nucleotidase-encoding gene NT5C2 drive
chemotherapy resistance in relapsed acute lymphoid
leukaemia but the mutations also lead to a
loss-of-fitness phenotype and to collateral drug
sensitivity, which could be exploited for
therapy.
Gannie
Tzoneva, Chelsea L. Dieck, Koichi Oshima et
al. |
Structures
of β-klotho reveal a ‘zip code’-like mechanism for
endocrine FGF signalling
Crystal
structures of free and ligand-bound β-klotho reveal that
it acts as a primary receptor for FGF21, and demonstrate
how a sugar-cutting enzyme has evolved to become a
receptor for hormones that regulate metabolic
processes.
Sangwon
Lee, Jungyuen Choi, Jyotidarsini Mohanty et
al. |
A
photophoretic-trap volumetric
display
Photophoretic
optical trapping of cellulose particles and persistence
of vision are used to produce real-space volumetric
images that can be viewed from all angles, in geometries
unachievable by holograms and light-field
technologies.
D.
E. Smalley, E. Nygaard, K. Squire et
al. |
Early
episodes of high-pressure core formation preserved in
plume mantle
Xenon isotopic
anomalies found in modern plume rocks are explained as
the result of iodine-to-plutonium fractionations during
early, high-pressure episodes of core
formation.
Colin
R. M. Jackson, Neil R. Bennett, Zhixue Du et
al. |
A Myc
enhancer cluster regulates normal and leukaemic
haematopoietic stem cell hierarchies
A blood enhancer
cluster forms a highly combinatorial system that allows
precise control of Myc expression across normal
and leukaemic haematopoietic stem cell
hierarchies.
Carsten
Bahr, Lisa von Paleske, Veli V. Uslu et
al. |
Structure
and mutagenesis reveal essential capsid protein
interactions for KSHV replication
Cryo-electron
microscopy reveals the structure of the Kaposi’s
sarcoma-associated herpesvirus capsid, and experiments
with polypeptides that mimic the smallest capsid protein
demonstrate the potential for structure-derived insights
to help to develop antiviral agents.
Xinghong
Dai, Danyang Gong, Hanyoung Lim et
al. |
Atomic
structure of the eukaryotic intramembrane RAS
methyltransferase ICMT
The X-ray
structure of the integral membrane protein
isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase suggests
mechanisms by which it recognizes both water-soluble and
membrane-bound reactants to catalyse the methylation of
RAS and other CAAX proteins at the membrane-cytosol
interface.
Melinda
M. Diver, Leanne Pedi, Akiko Koide et
al. | |
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