| |
Evolution:
Zapping viral RNAs
The discovery
that the host defence protein ZAP specifically targets
viral RNAs that are rich in a particular pair of
adjacent bases — cytosine followed by guanine — sheds
light on the evolution of viral RNA
genomes.
|
Obesity:
Receptors identified for a weight regulator
The
discovery of the receptors for the protein GDF15
suggests that it regulates food uptake through the
emergency pathway — a neuronal circuit that causes
weight loss in response to cancer, tissue damage and
stress.
|
Ecology: A
global plan for nature conservation
An international
movement is calling for at least half of the Earth to be
allocated for conservation. A global study now reveals
that, in many ecoregions, enough habitat exists to reach
this goal, and ideas are proposed for the next steps
needed.
|
Massively
parallel de novo protein design for targeted
therapeutics
A massively
parallel computational and experimental approach for
de novo designing and screening small hyperstable
proteins targeting influenza haemagglutinin and
botulinum neurotoxin B identifies new therapeutic
candidates more robust than traditional antibody
therapies.
|
Probing the
limits of metal plasticity with molecular dynamics
simulations
The limits of
dislocation-mediated metal plasticity are studied by
using in situ computational microscopy to reduce
the enormous amount of data from fully dynamic atomistic
simulations into a manageable form.
|
Light-field-driven
currents in graphene
Light-field-driven
control of electrons in a conductor is demonstrated by
inducing a current by laser pulses in graphene that is
sensitive to the carrier-envelope
phase.
|
Retrograde
semaphorin–plexin signalling drives homeostatic synaptic
plasticity
At the
neuromuscular junction in Drosophila, signalling
from postsynaptic Sema2b to presynaptic PlexB controls
presynaptic homeostatic plasticity through
Mical-mediated regulation of the readily releasable pool
of synaptic vesicles.
|
Inflammasome-driven
catecholamine catabolism in macrophages blunts lipolysis
during ageing
Lipolysis
declines with age because NLRP3 inflammasome-activated
adipose tissue macrophages reduce levels of
noradrenaline by upregulating genes that control its
degradation, such as GDF3 and
MAOA.
|
A reversible
haploid mouse embryonic stem cell biobank resource for
functional genomics
The Haplobank
contains over 100,000 individually reversibly
mutagenized, barcoded, mouse embryonic cell lines;
proof-of-principle experiments were used to search for
genes that are required for rhinovirus infection and
angiogenesis using forward and reverse genetic screens,
respectively.
|
Discovery of
a selective catalytic p300/CBP inhibitor that targets
lineage-specific tumours
A potent and
selective catalytic inhibitor of p300/CBP histone
acetyltransferases suppresses tumour proliferation
across multiple cell lineages, illustrating the
therapeutic potential of drug-like small molecules that
target histone acetyltransferases.
|
CG
dinucleotide suppression enables antiviral defence
targeting non-self RNA
Vertebrate
genomes contain fewer CG dinucleotides than would be
expected by chance, and this pattern is mimicked by many
viruses; HIV-1 derivatives mutated to contain more CG
dinucleotides are targeted by the human antiviral
protein ZAP, suggesting that CG suppression has evolved
in viruses to evade recognition.
|
PAK
signalling drives acquired drug resistance to MAPK
inhibitors in BRAF-mutant melanomas
BRAF-inhibition
resistance in metastatic melanoma occurs through
p21-activated kinase-mediated reactivation of ERK,
whereas resistance to combined BRAF and MEK inhibition
occurs through p21-activated kinase-mediated regulation
of JNK and β-catenin phosphorylation, mTOR pathway
activation and apoptosis inhibition in many
patients.
|
Non-homeostatic
body weight regulation through a brainstem-restricted
receptor for GDF15
GDNF receptor
alpha-like is a brainstem-restricted receptor for growth
and differentiation factor 15, regulating appetite and
body weight in non-homeostatic conditions by activating
the emergency circuit response to disease and toxin
stresses.
|
Single-cell
RNA sequencing reveals a signature of sexual commitment
in malaria parasites
|
Corrigendum:
Whole-genome landscape of pancreatic neuroendocrine
tumours
|
Corrigendum:
Lhx6-positive GABA-releasing neurons of the zona incerta
promote sleep
| |
Axonal
synapse sorting in medial entorhinal cortex
Path-length-dependent
axonal synapse sorting of local presynaptic axons of
excitatory neurons in the rat medial entorhinal cortex
results in sequential targeting of inhibitory and
excitatory neurons, which are connected by a cellular
feedforward inhibition circuit.
Helene
Schmidt, Anjali Gour, Jakob Straehle et
al. |
Ascorbate
regulates haematopoietic stem cell function and
leukaemogenesis
Ascorbate
depletion in mice increased haematopoietic stem-cell
frequency and promoted leukaemogenesis, partly by
reducing the function of the Tet2 tumour suppressor
enzyme.
Michalis
Agathocleous, Corbin E. Meacham, Rebecca J. Burgess
et al. |
Reversing
behavioural abnormalities in mice exposed to maternal
inflammation
The authors
define a specific cortical subregion of the
somatosensory cortex as a critical region of dysfunction
that is causal to the emergence of abnormal social and
repetitive behaviours in mice exposed to maternal
inflammation.
Yeong
Shin Yim, Ashley Park, Janet Berrios et
al. | |
SAM-dependent
enzyme-catalysed pericyclic reactions in natural product
biosynthesis
The enzyme LepI
is found to be capable of catalysing several
natural-product pericyclic transformations, including a
hetero-Diels–Alder reaction and a retro-Claisen
rearrangement.
Masao
Ohashi, Fang Liu, Yang Hai et al. |
Targeting
neuronal activity-regulated neuroligin-3 dependency in
high-grade glioma
The growth of
adult and paediatric brain tumours depends on a
microenvironmental signalling pathway involving the
activity-regulated secretion of neuroligin-3 (NLGN3)
from normal neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells,
highlighting the potential of NLGN3 as a therapeutic
target.
Humsa
S. Venkatesh, Lydia T. Tam, Pamelyn J. Woo et
al. |
Comparative
glycoproteomics of stem cells identifies new players in
ricin toxicity
A novel
quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides
from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing inference
of complex glycan structures and direct mapping of them
to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome
scale.
Johannes
Stadlmann, Jasmin Taubenschmid, Daniel Wenzel et
al. |
Parental
influence on human germline de novo mutations in
1,548 trios from Iceland
Whole-genome
sequencing data of 14,688 Icelanders, including 1,548
parent–offspring trios, show how the age and sex of
parents affect the rate and spectrum of de novo
mutations.
Hákon
Jónsson, Patrick Sulem, Birte Kehr et
al. |
ApoE4
markedly exacerbates tau-mediated neurodegeneration in a
mouse model of tauopathy
ApoE4
exacerbates tau pathogenesis, neuroinflammation and
tau-mediated neurodegeneration independently of brain
amyloid-β pathology, and exerts a ‘toxic gain of
function whereas its absence is
protective.
Yang
Shi, Kaoru Yamada, Shane Antony Liddelow et
al. |
The close
environments of accreting massive black holes are shaped
by radiative feedback
Radiation
pressure on dusty gas is the main physical mechanism
that regulates the distribution of the circumnuclear
material that obscures many supermassive black
holes.
Claudio
Ricci, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Michael J. Koss et
al. |
Maximal
Rashba-like spin splitting via kinetic-energy-coupled
inversion-symmetry breaking
Asymmetry in
surface hopping energies in different atomic layers of
delafossite oxides results in some of the largest known
Rashba-like spin splittings.
Veronika
Sunko, H. Rosner, P. Kushwaha et al.
|
Mimicking
biological stress–strain behaviour with synthetic
elastomers
A polymer code
based on a triplet of parameters—network strand length,
side-chain length and grafting density—enables materials
to be designed with specific combinations of mechanical
properties to mimic biological
materials.
Mohammad
Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani, William F. M. Daniel, Matthew
H. Everhart et al. |
Earth's
volatile contents established by melting and
vaporization
The pattern of
volatile element depletion in the silicate Earth
suggests that melting and vaporization on precursor
bodies and during accretion were responsible for the
volatile element contents of Earth.
C.
Ashley Norris, Bernard J. Wood |
Magnesium
isotope evidence that accretional vapour loss shapes
planetary compositions
The measurement
of magnesium isotope ratios at improved accuracy
suggests that planetary compositions result from
fractionation between liquid and vapour, followed by
vapour escape during accretionary
growth.
Remco
C. Hin, Christopher D. Coath, Philip J. Carter et
al. |
Early trace
of life from 3.95 Ga sedimentary rocks in Labrador,
Canada
The authors
provide evidence for the existence of life on Earth in
the earliest known sedimentary rocks and suggest that
the presence of organic carbon, and low stable-isotope
values of graphite from sedimentary rocks in Labrador
pushes back the existence of organic life to beyond 3.95
billion years.
Takayuki
Tashiro, Akizumi Ishida, Masako Hori et
al. |
Maternal gut
bacteria promote neurodevelopmental abnormalities in
mouse offspring
Maternal immune
activation (MIA)-mediated abnormal behavioural
phenotypes require defined gut commensal bacteria for
the induction of IL-17-producing T helper 17
cells.
Sangdoo
Kim, Hyunju Kim, Yeong Shin Yim et al.
|
Epigenetic
restriction of extraembryonic lineages mirrors the
somatic transition to cancer
Analysis of
global remethylation in mouse embryos at several
developmental stages identifies an epigenetic landscape
that partitions extraembryonic tissues within the embryo
and resembles a frequent, global departure in genome
regulation in human cancers.
Zachary
D. Smith, Jiantao Shi, Hongcang Gu et
al. |
Regulation
of DNA repair pathway choice in S and G2 phases by the
NHEJ inhibitor CYREN
CYREN is a
direct inhibitor of classical non-homologous end joining
that promotes error-free repair by homologous
recombination during the S and G2 phases of the cell
cycle.
Nausica
Arnoult, Adriana Correia, Jiao Ma et al.
| | |
| |
