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Cancer genomics: Less
is more in the hunt for driver mutations
An
analysis of 360 breast-cancer genomes has identified
cancer-driving mutations in 9 non-coding DNA sequences
called promoters, which regulate gene expression. The
result hints at the prevalence of non-coding
drivers. |
Fine-mapping
inflammatory bowel disease loci to single-variant
resolution
Results of
fine-mapping 94 inflammatory bowel disease loci using
high-density genotyping in 67,852 individuals and
several new fine-mapping methods. |
Climate change drives
expansion of Antarctic ice-free habitat
Permanently
ice-free areas, home to almost all of Antarctica’s
biodiversity, are projected, in the worst case, to
expand by over 17,000 km2 as a result of
climate change by the end of this century, with
potentially deleterious consequences for the continent’s
biodiversity. |
Recurrent and
functional regulatory mutations in breast
cancer
High-depth
sequencing of targeted regions in primary breast cancer
identifies mutated promoter elements with recurrent
mutations at specific and/or nearby bases, suggesting
selection of certain non-coding events. |
RNase III nucleases
from diverse kingdoms serve as antiviral
effectors
RNase III from
all three domains of life elicits RNA-targeting
antiviral activity that is independent of, and possibly
predates, other known eukaryotic antiviral
systems. |
Tracing the origins of
relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia to stem
cells
Identification
of the cell types from which relapse arises in acute
myeloid leukaemia, by following leukaemia propagation
from patient-derived leukaemia samples. |
|
mTORC1-dependent AMD1
regulation sustains polyamine metabolism in prostate
cancer
mTOR complex 1
signalling regulates polyamine metabolism and thereby
promotes tumorigenesis, through regulation of the
stability of a key enzyme, AMD1. |
|
| Unique roles for
histone H3K9me states in RNAi and heritable silencing of
transcription |
| Corrigendum: Mineral
supply for sustainable development requires resource
governance | |
| Brief
Communications Arising |
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Contesting the
evidence for limited human lifespan
Nicholas
J. L. Brown, Casper J. Albers, Stuart J.
Ritchie |
Dong et al.
reply
Xiao
Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg |
Many possible maximum
lifespan trajectories
Bryan
G. Hughes, Siegfried Hekimi |
Dong et al.
reply
Xiao
Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg |
Is there evidence for
a limit to human lifespan?
Maarten
P. Rozing, Thomas B. L. Kirkwood, Rudi G. J.
Westendorp |
Dong et al.
reply
Xiao
Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg |
Questionable evidence
for a limit to human lifespan
Adam
Lenart, James W. Vaupel |
Dong et al.
reply
Xiao
Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan Vijg |
Maximum human lifespan
may increase to 125 years
Joop
de Beer, Anastasios Bardoutsos, Fanny
Janssen |
Dong et al.
reply
Xiao
Dong, Brandon Milholland, Jan
Vijg | |
Structure of a
pre-catalytic spliceosome
The
cryo-electron microscopy structure of the yeast
spliceosome in a pre-catalytic state provides insights
into the molecular events leading to formation of the
spliceosome active site.
Clemens
Plaschka, Pei-Chun Lin, Kiyoshi Nagai |
Homeostatic circuits
selectively gate food cue responses in insular
cortex
A combination of
microprism-based cellular imaging to monitor insular
cortex visual cue responses in behaving mice across
hunger states with circuit mapping and manipulations
reveals a neural basis for state-specific biased
processing of motivationally relevant
cues.
Yoav
Livneh, Rohan N. Ramesh, Christian R. Burgess et
al. | |
On-chip generation of
high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their
coherent control
The on-chip
generation of high-dimensional frequency-entangled
states and their spectral-domain manipulation are
demonstrated, introducing a powerful and practical
platform for quantum information
processing.
Michael
Kues, Christian Reimer, Piotr Roztocki et
al. |
Observation of
three-component fermions in the topological semimetal
molybdenum phosphide
A new type of
fermion, corresponding to a three-fold degeneracy in the
electronic band structure of crystalline molybdenum
phosphide, is observed, which lies conceptually between
Dirac and Weyl fermions.
B.
Q. Lv, Z.-L. Feng, Q.-N. Xu et al. |
Making waves in a
photoactive polymer film
Illumination of
thin liquid-crystal polymer films that contain
azobenzene derivatives with short thermal relaxation
times induces a continuous wave motion throughout the
films, owing to a feedback loop driven by material
self-shadowing.
Anne
Helene Gelebart, Dirk Jan Mulder, Michael Varga et
al. |
Surface tension
prevails over solute effect in organic-influenced cloud
droplet activation
A
phase-separation mechanism is proposed for the dominance
of the surface tension effect over the solute effect in
the observed activation of ultrafine cloud condensation
nuclei.
Jurgita
Ovadnevaite, Andreas Zuend, Ari Laaksonen et
al. |
Host and viral traits
predict zoonotic spillover from mammals
Analysis of a
comprehensive database of mammalian host–virus
relationships reveals that both the total number of
viruses that infect a given species and the proportion
likely to be zoonotic are predictable and that this
enables identification of mammalian species and
geographic locations where novel zoonoses are likely to
be found.
Kevin
J. Olival, Parviez R. Hosseini, Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio
et al. |
Hidden morphological
diversity among early tetrapods
Detailed
micro-computed tomography analysis of the skull of
Lethiscus stocki places it much earlier in the
tetrapod lineage that was previously thought, showing
that early tetrapods were more morphologically diverse
than has been believed.
Jason
D. Pardo, Matt Szostakiwskyj, Per E. Ahlberg et
al. |
Trans-kingdom mimicry
underlies ribosome customization by a poxvirus
kinase
The poxvirus
vaccinia virus phosphorylates serine/threonine residues
in the human small ribosomal subunit RACK1, converting
it to a plant-like state to favour translation of
poxvirus mRNAs
Sujata
Jha, Madeline G. Rollins, Gabriele Fuchs et
al. |
T cells from patients
with Parkinson’s disease recognize α-synuclein
peptides
Epitopes derived
from two regions of α-synuclein elicit immune responses
in patients with Parkinson’s disease, involving
IL-5-secreting CD4+ T cells, as well as
IFNγ-secreting CD8+ cytotoxic T
cells.
David
Sulzer, Roy N. Alcalay, Francesca Garretti et
al. |
Human fetal dendritic
cells promote prenatal T-cell immune suppression through
arginase-2
Prenatal immune
suppression is regulated by fetal arginase-2-expressing
dendritic cells which respond normally to toll-like
receptor stimulation but, in contrast to adult dendritic
cells, induce regulatory T cells and repress TNF-α
secretion by effector T cells.
Naomi
McGovern, Amanda Shin, Gillian Low et
al. |
Nlrp9b inflammasome
restricts rotavirus infection in intestinal epithelial
cells
The inflammasome
receptor Nlrp9b defends against enteric viruses by
interacting with double-stranded viral RNA-bound
helicase Dhx9, triggering gasdermin-D-dependent
pyroptotic cell death of infected cells and secretion of
Il-18.
Shu
Zhu, Siyuan Ding, Penghua Wang et
al. |
ERF mutations reveal a
balance of ETS factors controlling prostate
oncogenesis
In prostate
cancer, the oncogenicity of transcription factor ERG is
mediated, in part, by competition with another member of
the ETS family, ERF.
Rohit
Bose, Wouter R. Karthaus, Joshua Armenia et
al. |
Whole-body imaging of
lymphovascular niches identifies pre-metastatic roles of
midkine
Genetically
engineered ‘lymphoreporter’ mouse strains are used to
track melanoma dissemination in vivo, identifying
midkine as a tumour-secreted factor that acts at a
distance, preparing pre-metastatic niches and serving as
an indicator of poor prognosis in
patients.
David
Olmeda, Daniela Cerezo-Wallis, Erica Riveiro-Falkenbach
et al. |
Crystal structure of
the potassium-importing KdpFABC membrane
complex
The crystal
structure of the bacterial potassium import complex
KdpFABC shows how ATP hydrolysis is coupled to potassium
transport to maintain cellular homeostasis under low
potassium conditions.
Ching-Shin
Huang, Bjørn Panyella Pedersen, David L.
Stokes | |
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