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Animal behaviour: How
to build a better dad
Oldfield mice
and deer mice differ in their parental care, most
dramatically in the behaviour of fathers. A study
reveals the genetic and neuronal contributions to
variation in parental care. |
Molecular genetics:
Chaperone protein gets personal
Two studies of
the molecular chaperone protein HSP90 reveal how complex
traits can be shaped by genetic and environmental
context. This work highlights the challenges of
personalized medicine. |
Mechanism of chromatin
remodelling revealed by the Snf2-nucleosome
structure
The
cryo-electron microscopy structure of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae Snf2 chromatin remodeller bound to a
nucleosome and a proposed mechanism for DNA
translocation by Snf2 are presented. |
Visualizing multistep
elevator-like transitions of a nucleoside
transporter
Multiple
crystallographic structures of a concentrative
nucleoside transporter show how it uses an ‘elevator’
mechanism to move its transport domain across the
membrane. |
Structure and
allosteric inhibition of excitatory amino acid
transporter 1
High-resolution
structures of the thermostabilized human excitatory
amino acid transporter EAAT1, alone or in association
with its substrate or small molecule inhibitors, reveal
architectural features of human SLC1 transporters and an
allosteric mechanism of inhibition. |
The genetic basis of
parental care evolution in monogamous mice
Parental care in
mice evolves through multiple genetic changes; one
candidate is vasopressin, the reduced expression of
which promotes parental nest-building behaviour in
monogamous mice. |
Super-multiplex
vibrational imaging
Stimulated Raman
scattering under electronic pre-resonance conditions,
combined with a new palette of probes, enables
super-multiplex imaging of molecular targets in living
cells with very high vibrational selectivity and
sensitivity. |
Observed quantization
of anyonic heat flow
Quasiparticles
in strongly interacting fractional quantum Hall systems
carry heat according to the same quantization of thermal
conductance as for particles in non-interacting
systems. |
Cohesin is positioned
in mammalian genomes by transcription, CTCF and
Wapl
The distribution
of cohesin in the mouse genome depends on CTCF,
transcription and the cohesin release factor
Wapl. |
Human umbilical cord
plasma proteins revitalize hippocampal function in aged
mice
Treatment with
plasma of an early developmental stage, human umbilical
cord, revitalizes the hippocampus and improves cognitive
function in aged mice. |
SLAMF7 is critical for
phagocytosis of haematopoietic tumour cells via Mac-1
integrin
The
identification of homotypic SLAMF7 interactions
responsible for haematopoietic tumour cell phagocytosis
by macrophages when the inhibitory receptor/ligand
interaction of SIRPα/CD47 is blocked
therapeutically. |
Decarboxylative
alkenylation
Starting with
alkyl carboxylic acids, a simple olefin synthesis using
any substitution pattern or geometry, based on
amide-bond synthesis with nickel- or iron-based
catalysis, is
described. | |
Virus genomes reveal
factors that spread and sustained the Ebola
epidemic
Frequent
dispersal and short-lived local transmission clusters
fuelled the 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea,
Liberia and Sierra Leone.
Gytis
Dudas, Luiz Max Carvalho, Trevor Bedford et
al. |
Postsynaptic
synaptotagmins mediate AMPA receptor exocytosis during
LTP
Postsynaptic
synaptotagmin-1 and synaptotagmin-7 mediate
calcium-dependent exocytosis of AMPA receptors during
long-term potentiation.
Dick
Wu, Taulant Bacaj, Wade Morishita et
al. |
A
B12-dependent radical SAM enzyme involved in
oxetanocin A biosynthesis
The biosynthesis
of oxetanocin A involves OxsB, a
B12-dependent S-adenosylmethionine
radical enzyme, which catalyses an unusual ring
contraction of a 2′-deoxyadenosine
phosphate.
Jennifer
Bridwell-Rabb, Aoshu Zhong, He G. Sun et
al. |
Structural basis for
selectivity and diversity in angiotensin II
receptors
Crystal
structures of two complexes of the angiotensin II
receptor AT2R with distinct tightly bound
ligands reveal an active-like state of the receptor, in
which helix VIII adopts a non-canonical position that
blocks binding of G proteins and
β-arrestins.
Haitao
Zhang, Gye Won Han, Alexander Batyuk et
al. | |
A temperate rocky
super-Earth transiting a nearby cool star
An
Earth-sized planet is observed orbiting a nearby star
within the liquid-water, habitable zone, the atmospheric
composition of which could be determined from future
observations.
Jason
A. Dittmann, Jonathan M. Irwin, David Charbonneau et
al. |
Three-dimensional
printing of transparent fused silica glass
Using
stereolithography 3D printers, a silica nanocomposite is
shaped and then fused to produce non-porous, very
smooth, highly transparent fused silica glass
components.
Frederik
Kotz, Karl Arnold, Werner Bauer et
al. |
Antarctic ice shelf
potentially stabilized by export of meltwater in surface
river
On the Nansen
Ice Shelf in Antarctica, a surface river that terminates
in a waterfall can drain the ice shelf’s entire annual
meltwater in just one week, potentially preventing the
meltwater from hastening the catastrophic collapse of
the shelf.
Robin
E. Bell, Winnie Chu, Jonathan Kingslake et
al. |
Antisense
oligonucleotide therapy for spinocerebellar ataxia type
2
Antisense
oligonucleotides against ATXN2 improved motor
neuron function and restored firing frequency in
cerebellar Purkinje cells in mouse models of
spinocerebellar ataxia type 2.
Daniel
R. Scoles, Pratap Meera, Matthew D. Schneider et
al. |
Remote epitaxy through
graphene enables two-dimensional material-based layer
transfer
Conventional
epitaxy is of limited application, but by placing a
monolayer of graphene between the substrate and the
so-called epilayer grown on top, its scope can be
substantially extended.
Yunjo
Kim, Samuel S. Cruz, Kyusang Lee et
al. |
Widespread movement of
meltwater onto and across Antarctic ice
shelves
Surface water
and its drainage across the surface of Antarctic ice is
shown to be widespread, large-scale and to have
persisted for decades.
Jonathan
Kingslake, Jeremy C. Ely, Indrani Das et
al. |
Drivers of salamander
extirpation mediated by Batrachochytrium
salamandrivorans
The authors
investigated the disease ecology of the fast-spreading
fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans
in fire salamanders; on the basis of their research,
they call for Europe-wide monitoring systems and
conservation strategies for threatened
species.
Gwij
Stegen, Frank Pasmans, Benedikt R. Schmidt et
al. |
Neanderthal behaviour,
diet, and disease inferred from ancient DNA in dental
calculus
Analysis of
calcified dental plaque (calculus) specimens from
Neanderthals shows marked regional differences in diet
and microbiota and evidence of self-medication in one
individual, and identifies prevalent microorganisms and
their divergence between Neanderthals and modern
humans.
Laura
S. Weyrich, Sebastian Duchene, Julien Soubrier et
al. |
Therapeutic reduction
of ataxin-2 extends lifespan and reduces pathology in
TDP-43 mice
A decrease in
ataxin-2 levels leads to a reduction in the aggregation
of TDP-43, markedly increased lifespan and improved
motor function in a transgenic mouse model of TDP-43
proteinopathy.
Lindsay
A. Becker, Brenda Huang, Gregor Bieri et
al. |
Modulating the
therapeutic response of tumours to dietary serine and
glycine starvation
Dependence on
exogenous serine means that tumour growth is restricted
in mice on a low-serine diet; this effect on tumour
growth can be amplified by antagonizing the antioxidant
response.
Oliver
D. K. Maddocks, Dimitris Athineos, Eric C. Cheung et
al. |
Rad51-mediated
double-strand break repair and mismatch correction of
divergent substrates
DNA repair by
break-induced replication begins with the Rad51-mediated
invasion of single-stranded DNA into a double-stranded
donor template; this study shows that successful
recombination between highly mismatched substrates can
occur when only five consecutive bases can be paired and
that mismatch correction is most efficient near the
invading end of the recipient strand.
Ranjith
Anand, Annette Beach, Kevin Li et
al. | | |
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npj Climate and Atmospheric Science: open for
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