| |
Particle physics:
Strangeness in the proton
The proton can
contain pairs of elementary particles known as strange
quarks. The contribution of these particles to the
proton's electric-charge distribution and magnetic
moment has been determined. |
Microbiology: Gut
microbes augment neurodegeneration
Bacterial
residents of the human body often provide beneficial
effects, but some can be harmful. The action of gut
bacteria has been found to be tightly linked to
neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's
disease. |
Neurodegenerative
disease: Two–for–one on potential therapies
Molecules that
inhibit the synthesis of the ataxin 2 protein can
ameliorate the effects of two neurodegenerative diseases
in mouse models, raising hopes for the success of this
approach in clinical trials. |
Virus genomes reveal
factors that spread and sustained the Ebola
epidemic
Frequent
dispersal and short-lived local transmission clusters
fuelled the 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea,
Liberia and Sierra Leone. |
T-cell invigoration to
tumour burden ratio associated with anti-PD-1
response
The clinical
benefit of anti-PD-1 antibody treatment is dependent on
the extent to which exhausted CD8 T cells are
reinvigorated in relation to the tumour burden of the
patient. |
Observation of the
frozen charge of a Kondo resonance
In a quantum dot
in the Kondo regime, electrical charges are effectively
frozen, but the quantum dot remains electrically
conducting owing to strong electron–electron
correlations. |
Ultrastrong steel via
minimal lattice misfit and high-density
nanoprecipitation
A method of
producing superstrong yet ductile steels using cheaper
and lighter alloying elements is described, based on
minimization of the lattice misfit to achieve a maximal
dispersion of nanoprecipitates, leading to ultimate
precipitation strengthening. |
The earliest bird-line
archosaurs and the assembly of the dinosaur body
plan
The archosaur
species Teleocrater rhadinus, part of the new
clade Aphanosauria, is an example of the earliest
divergence of the avian stem lineage (Avemetatarsalia),
the lineage that contains dinosaurs (including
birds). |
Therapeutic reduction
of ataxin-2 extends lifespan and reduces pathology in
TDP-43 mice
A decrease in
ataxin-2 levels leads to a reduction in the aggregation
of TDP-43, markedly increased lifespan and improved
motor function in a transgenic mouse model of TDP-43
proteinopathy. |
Antisense
oligonucleotide therapy for spinocerebellar ataxia type
2
Antisense
oligonucleotides against ATXN2 improved motor
neuron function and restored firing frequency in
cerebellar Purkinje cells in mouse models of
spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. |
Rad51-mediated
double-strand break repair and mismatch correction of
divergent substrates
DNA repair by
break-induced replication begins with the Rad51-mediated
invasion of single-stranded DNA into a double-stranded
donor template; this study shows that successful
recombination between highly mismatched substrates can
occur when only five consecutive bases can be paired and
that mismatch correction is most efficient near the
invading end of the recipient strand. |
High-avidity IgA
protects the intestine by enchaining growing
bacteria
Oral-vaccine-induced
IgA cross-links growing bacteria into clonal aggregates,
inhibiting pathogenesis, adaption and the spread of
antimicrobial resistance genes. |
| Topological defects
control collective dynamics in neural progenitor cell
cultures
| |
|
|
|
|
Piezo
Mechanisms: Speed, Precision,
Stability
Piezo mechanisms
provide
- high force
- sub-millisecond responsiveness
- nanometer precision
Ideal for designers and
scientists, piezo motion provides virtually
unlimited resolution, faster response than
magnetic drives. Applications: optical
alignment, microscopy, photonics semiconductors,
dispensing .
Read
article >
Watch
videos >
Product overview
> | | | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
A living mesoscopic
cellular automaton made of skin scales
A
mesoscopic cellular automaton arising from a microscopic
reaction–diffusion system as a function of skin
thickness is observed in ocellated lizards, showing that
cellular automata are not merely abstract computational
systems, but can directly correspond to processes
generated by biological evolution.
Liana
Manukyan, Sophie A. Montandon, Anamarija Fofonjka et
al. |
Aboriginal mitogenomes
reveal 50,000 years of regionalism in
Australia
Analysis of
Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genomes shows
geographic patterns and deep splits across the major
haplogroups that indicate a single, rapid migration
along the coasts around 49–45 ka, followed by
longstanding persistence in discrete geographic
areas.
Ray
Tobler, Adam Rohrlach, Julien Soubrier et
al. |
Mono-unsaturated fatty
acids link H3K4me3 modifiers to C. elegans
lifespan
A deficiency in
H3K4me3 methyltransferase causes accumulation of
mono-unsaturated fatty acids, which is important for
lifespan extension in C. elegans and could be
relevant in mammals.
Shuo
Han, Elizabeth A. Schroeder, Carlos G. Silva-García
et al. |
In-crystal reaction
cycle of a toluene-bound diiron hydroxylase
Crystal
structures and DFT calculations suggest a possible
mechanism for diiron enzyme arene
hydroxylation.
Justin
F. Acheson, Lucas J. Bailey, Thomas C. Brunold et
al. |
Mediator structure and
rearrangements required for holoenzyme
formation
Cryo-electron
microscopy maps of the fission yeast Mediator complex
and of a Mediator–RNA polymerase II holoenzyme reveal
how changes in the Med14 subunit enable large-scale
rearrangements of the Mediator structure that are
essential for holoenzyme formation.
Kuang-Lei
Tsai, Xiaodi Yu, Sneha Gopalan et
al. | |
Star formation inside
a galactic outflow
Star formation
at a rate of more than 15 solar masses a year has been
observed inside a massive outflow of gas from a nearby
galaxy; this could also be happening inside other
galactic outflows.
R.
Maiolino, H. R. Russell, A. C. Fabian et
al. |
Optically excited
structural transition in atomic wires on surfaces at the
quantum limit
A structural
transition in an atomic indium wire on a silicon
substrate proceeds as fast as the indium atom vibrations
and is facilitated by strong In–Si interface
bonds.
T.
Frigge, B. Hafke, T. Witte et al. |
Topological defects in
epithelia govern cell death and extrusion
By
modelling epithelial cells as active nematic liquid
crystals, stresses induced at the sites of topological
defects are found to be the primary drivers of extrusion
and cell death.
Thuan
Beng Saw, Amin Doostmohammadi, Vincent Nier et
al. |
Finding pathways to
national-scale land-sector sustainability
Options for
achieving multiple sustainability goals in land systems
are limited, and integrated national-scale analyses are
needed across the broader environment and economy to
prioritize efficient sustainability
interventions.
Lei
Gao, Brett A. Bryan |
Catch shares slow the
race to fish
A large-scale
treatment–control meta-analysis of US fisheries provides
evidence that the implementation of catch shares extend
fishing seasons by slowing the race to
fish.
Anna
M. Birkenbach, David J. Kaczan, Martin D.
Smith |
Evolutionary dynamics
on any population structure
The authors
derive a condition for how natural selection chooses
between two competing strategies on any graph for weak
selection, elucidating which population structures
promote certain behaviours, such as
cooperation.
Benjamin
Allen, Gabor Lippner, Yu-Ting Chen et
al. |
The crown-of-thorns
starfish genome as a guide for biocontrol of this coral
reef pest
OPEN
Genome
sequencing and proteomic analyses of the crown-of-thorns
starfish identify species-specific secreted factors that
are associated with aggregating starfish and might be
useful for biocontrol strategies.
Michael
R. Hall, Kevin M. Kocot, Kenneth W. Baughman et
al. |
Human knockouts and
phenotypic analysis in a cohort with a high rate of
consanguinity
By sequencing
the exomes of 10,503 individuals living in Pakistan, the
authors identify rare predicted loss-of-function
mutations that are estimated to knock out genes and
correlate these mutations with a broad range of
phenotypes, providing a framework for a human knockout
project.
Danish
Saleheen, Pradeep Natarajan, Irina M. Armean et
al. |
Re-evaluation of
learned information in Drosophila
Depending on
prediction accuracy at the time of memory recall,
specific mushroom body output neurons drive different
combinations of dopaminergic neurons to extinguish or
reconsolidate appetitive memory in
Drosophila.
Johannes
Felsenberg, Oliver Barnstedt, Paola Cognigni et
al. |
Myt1l safeguards
neuronal identity by actively repressing many
non-neuronal fates
The
neuron-specific transcription factor Myt1l represses
many somatic lineage programs, but not the neuronal
lineage program, to both induce and maintain neuronal
identity.
Moritz
Mall, Michael S. Kareta, Soham Chanda et
al. |
Mutual regulation of
tumour vessel normalization and immunostimulatory
reprogramming
The cross-talk
between immune cells and blood vessel endothelial cells
promotes pericyte coverage and decreases hypoxia in
mouse tumour models, and correlative evidence suggests
that these processes influence cancer prognosis in
humans.
Lin
Tian, Amit Goldstein, Hai Wang et
al. | | |
| |
