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Biomechanics: The
aerodynamics buzz from mosquitoes
Mosquitoes flap
their long, thin wings four times faster than similarly
sized insects. Imaging and computational analysis of
mosquito flight illuminates some aerodynamic mechanisms
not seen before in animal flight. |
In-crystal reaction
cycle of a toluene-bound diiron hydroxylase
Crystal
structures and DFT calculations suggest a possible
mechanism for diiron enzyme arene
hydroxylation. |
A
B12-dependent radical SAM enzyme involved in
oxetanocin A biosynthesis
The biosynthesis
of oxetanocin A involves OxsB, a
B12-dependent S-adenosylmethionine
radical enzyme, which catalyses an unusual ring
contraction of a 2′-deoxyadenosine
phosphate. |
Myeloid progenitor
cluster formation drives emergency and leukaemic
myelopoiesis
During emergency
myelopoiesis in mice, clusters of self-renewing
granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMP) are transiently
formed in the bone marrow cavity to produce a burst of
myeloid cells; in leukaemia, GMP clusters persist and
constantly generate myeloid leukaemia
cells. |
Postsynaptic
synaptotagmins mediate AMPA receptor exocytosis during
LTP
Postsynaptic
synaptotagmin-1 and synaptotagmin-7 mediate
calcium-dependent exocytosis of AMPA receptors during
long-term potentiation. |
| Visualization and
targeting of LGR5+ human colon cancer stem
cells |
Optically excited
structural transition in atomic wires on surfaces at the
quantum limit
A structural
transition in an atomic indium wire on a silicon
substrate proceeds as fast as the indium atom vibrations
and is facilitated by strong In–Si interface
bonds. |
Star formation inside
a galactic outflow
Star formation
at a rate of more than 15 solar masses a year has been
observed inside a massive outflow of gas from a nearby
galaxy; this could also be happening inside other
galactic outflows. |
Single-nucleus Hi-C
reveals unique chromatin reorganization at
oocyte-to-zygote transition
Using a
single-nucleus Hi-C protocol, the authors find that
spatial organization of chromatin during
oocyte-to-zygote transition differs between paternal and
maternal nuclei within a single-cell
zygote. |
DHX9 suppresses RNA
processing defects originating from the Alu
invasion of the human genome
In the absence
of DHX9, circular RNAs accumulate and transcription and
translation are dysregulated—effects that are
exacerbated by concomitant depletion of the RNA-editing
enzyme ADAR. |
CRISPR–Cas systems
exploit viral DNA injection to establish and maintain
adaptive immunity
Analysis of
spacer acquisition in Staphylococcus aureus
reveals that type II CRISPR–Cas systems exploit viral
DNA injection to ensure a successful CRISPR immune
response. |
Evolutionary dynamics
on any population structure
The authors
derive a condition for how natural selection chooses
between two competing strategies on any graph for weak
selection, elucidating which population structures
promote certain behaviours, such as
cooperation. |
Smart wing rotation
and trailing-edge vortices enable high frequency
mosquito flight
In addition to
generating lift by leading-edge vortices (as used by
most insects), mosquitoes also employ trailing-edge
vortices and a lift mechanism from wing rotation, which
enables them to stay airborne despite having a seemingly
unlikely airframe. |
| Corrigendum:
Carcinoma–astrocyte gap junctions promote brain
metastasis by cGAMP
transfer | |
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Seeking truth and pursuing innovation
Publishing Date: Mar 30th, 2016
AVAILABLE FREE ONLINE
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Functional materials
discovery using energy–structure–function
maps
Energy–structure–function
maps that describe the possible structures and
properties of molecular crystals are developed, and
these maps are used to guide the experimental discovery
of porous materials with specific
functions.
Angeles
Pulido, Linjiang Chen, Tomasz Kaczorowski et
al. |
Capacity shortfalls
hinder the performance of marine protected areas
globally
Although 71% of
marine protected areas are benefiting fish populations,
their effects are highly variable, with staff capacity
proving to be the most important explanatory
variable.
David
A. Gill, Michael B. Mascia, Gabby N. Ahmadia et
al. |
Neural ensemble
dynamics underlying a long-term associative
memory
Use of a
head-mounted miniature microscope in awake, behaving
mice reveals that neural ensembles in the basal and
lateral amygdala encode associations between conditioned
and unconditioned stimuli in a way that matches models
of supervised learning.
Benjamin
F. Grewe, Jan Gründemann, Lacey J. Kitch et
al. |
A distinct role for
Lgr5+ stem cells in primary and metastatic
colon cancer
Ablation of
Lgr5+ cancer stem cells does not result in
regression of primary colorectal tumours, but prevents
the formation and maintenance of metastasis in the
liver.
Felipe
de Sousa e Melo, Antonina V. Kurtova, Jonathan M.
Harnoss et al. |
LACTB is a tumour
suppressor that modulates lipid metabolism and cell
state
LACTB modulates
mitochondrial lipid metabolism and changes the
differentiation state of breast cancer cells, thereby
negatively affecting the growth of various tumorigenic,
but not non-tumorigenic, cells both in vitro and
in vivo.
Zuzana
Keckesova, Joana Liu Donaher, Jasmine De Cock et
al. | |
Ultra-selective
high-flux membranes from directly synthesized zeolite
nanosheets
A direct
synthesis of high-aspect-ratio microporous zeolite
nanosheets and the use of such nanosheets in separation
membranes are described.
Mi
Young Jeon, Donghun Kim, Prashant Kumar et
al. |
Groundwater depletion
embedded in international food trade
Global
food consumption drives irrigation for crops, which
depletes aquifers in some regions; here we quantify the
volumes of groundwater depletion associated with global
food production and international trade.
Carole
Dalin, Yoshihide Wada, Thomas Kastner et
al. |
Somatic mutations
reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human
embryo
Whole-genome
sequencing of normal blood cells sampled from 241 adults
is used to infer mosaic point mutations that are likely
to have arisen during early embryogenesis, providing
insight into how early cellular dynamics may affect
adult tissues.
Young
Seok Ju, Inigo Martincorena, Moritz Gerstung et
al. |
A retrograde
co-orbital asteroid of Jupiter
Asteroid 2015
BZ509 is a retrograde co-orbital asteroid of
the planet Jupiter, stably orbiting in a sense opposite
to that of Jupiter’s orbit around the Sun for around a
million years.
Paul
Wiegert, Martin Connors, Christian Veillet |
A low-spin
Fe(iii) complex with 100-ps ligand-to-metal
charge transfer photoluminescence
An iron complex
is described that exhibits photoluminescence at room
temperature, opening the way to the use of iron-based
materials as low-cost, non-toxic light emitters and
photosensitizers.
Pavel
Chábera, Yizhu Liu, Om Prakash et
al. |
Transboundary health
impacts of transported global air pollution and
international trade
The
transboundary health impacts of air pollution associated
with the international trade of goods and services are
greater than those associated with long-distance
atmospheric pollutant transport.
Qiang
Zhang, Xujia Jiang, Dan Tong et
al. |
The true tempo of
evolutionary radiation and decline revealed on the
Hawaiian archipelago
A geologically
informed model of the relationship between changing
island area and species richness for the Hawaiian
archipelago reveals the rates of species richness change
for 14 endemic groups over their entire evolutionary
histories without the need for fossil data or molecular
phylogenies.
Jun
Y. Lim, Charles R. Marshall |
Mapping of a
non-spatial dimension by the hippocampal–entorhinal
circuit
Cells in the
hippocampal–entorhinal circuit, which fire in response
to navigational variables such as location or speed, are
shown also to encode continuous, task-relevant but
non-spatial variables such as sound
frequency.
Dmitriy
Aronov, Rhino Nevers, David W. Tank |
Antigen presentation
profiling reveals recognition of lymphoma immunoglobulin
neoantigens
Evidence for the
abundant presentation of class II neoantigens by a human
B-cell lymphoma.
Michael
S. Khodadoust, Niclas Olsson, Lisa E. Wagar et
al. |
Effective
combinatorial immunotherapy for castration-resistant
prostate cancer
A new chimaeric
mouse model of metastatic castration-resistant prostate
cancer to efficiently test combination therapies in an
autochthonous setting.
Xin
Lu, James W. Horner, Erin Paul et
al. |
The allosteric
inhibitor ABL001 enables dual targeting of
BCR–ABL1
The selective
allosteric ABL1 inhibitor ABL001 (asciminib) represents
a new inhibitory mechanism for BCR–ABL1-driven
malignancies, and its efficacy and evolving mechanisms
of resistance do not overlap with those of other
BCR–ABL1 kinase inhibitors.
Andrew
A. Wylie, Joseph Schoepfer, Wolfgang Jahnke et
al. |
Energy transduction
and alternating access of the mammalian ABC transporter
P-glycoprotein
Double
electron–electron resonance and computer simulations are
used to describe conformational dynamics in the
ATP-binding cassette transporter Pgp, which has an
important role in the clearance of xenobiotics and
cancer resistance to chemotherapy.
Brandy
Verhalen, Reza Dastvan, Sundarapandian Thangapandian
et
al. | |
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