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Marine conservation:
How to heal an ocean
Marine protected
areas are being implemented at an accelerating pace, and
hold promise for restoring damaged ecosystems. But
glaring shortfalls in staffing and funding often lead to
suboptimal outcomes.
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Structural biology:
Receptors grease the metabolic wheels
Structural
insights into adiponectin receptors provide evidence
that these proteins have an inherent enzymatic activity,
which gives them the ability to propagate signalling by
their ligand, the hormone adiponectin.
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Biochemistry: A
wine-induced breakdown
A polysaccharide
called rhamnogalacturonan II is a major component of
some fruits, but humans rely on their gut microbiota to
digest it. The microbes and processes responsible for
this digestion have now been revealed.
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Materials science:
Chain mail reverses the Hall effect
The sign of a
material's charge carriers is usually reflected in the
sign of the 'Hall voltage'. But for a structure inspired
by chain mail, altering its geometry inverts the Hall
voltage, even if the charge carriers are
unchanged.
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LACTB is a tumour
suppressor that modulates lipid metabolism and cell
state
LACTB modulates
mitochondrial lipid metabolism and changes the
differentiation state of breast cancer cells, thereby
negatively affecting the growth of various tumorigenic,
but not non-tumorigenic, cells both in vitro and
in vivo.
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Functional materials
discovery using energy–structure–function
maps
Energy–structure–function
maps that describe the possible structures and
properties of molecular crystals are developed, and
these maps are used to guide the experimental discovery
of porous materials with specific
functions.
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Neural ensemble
dynamics underlying a long-term associative
memory
Use of a
head-mounted miniature microscope in awake, behaving
mice reveals that neural ensembles in the basal and
lateral amygdala encode associations between conditioned
and unconditioned stimuli in a way that matches models
of supervised learning.
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Capacity shortfalls
hinder the performance of marine protected areas
globally
Although 71% of
marine protected areas are benefiting fish populations,
their effects are highly variable, with staff capacity
proving to be the most important explanatory
variable.
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Complex pectin
metabolism by gut bacteria reveals novel catalytic
functions
The hierarchical
deconstruction of the complex pectic glycan
rhamnogalacturonan-II by the human gut bacterium
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron reveals seven new
families of glycoside hydrolases and three catalytic
functions not previously observed.
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Continuous-wave lasing
in colloidal quantum dot solids enabled by
facet-selective epitaxy
By switching
shell growth on and off on the (0001) facet of wurtzite
CdSe cores to produce a built-in biaxial strain that
lowers the optical gain threshold, we achieve
continuous-wave lasing in colloidal quantum dot
films.
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Antigen presentation
profiling reveals recognition of lymphoma immunoglobulin
neoantigens
Evidence for the
abundant presentation of class II neoantigens by a human
B-cell lymphoma.
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Low-temperature
hydrogen production from water and methanol using
Pt/α-MoC catalysts
As an
alternative vehicle fuel, hydrogen can be generated
in situ from methanol and water—a process that is
shown here to occur under mild conditions using a
catalyst that comprises platinum atomically dispersed on
an α-molybdenum carbide substrate.
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Effective
combinatorial immunotherapy for castration-resistant
prostate cancer
A new chimaeric
mouse model of metastatic castration-resistant prostate
cancer to efficiently test combination therapies in an
autochthonous setting.
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Ancient evolutionary
origin of vertebrate enteric neurons from trunk-derived
neural crest
Whereas the
enteric nervous system of jawed vertebrates is derived
largely from the vagal neural crest, that of the sea
lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is populated by
trunk-derived neural crest cells that may be homologous
to Schwann cell precursors.
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The allosteric
inhibitor ABL001 enables dual targeting of
BCR–ABL1
The selective
allosteric ABL1 inhibitor ABL001 (asciminib) represents
a new inhibitory mechanism for BCR–ABL1-driven
malignancies, and its efficacy and evolving mechanisms
of resistance do not overlap with those of other
BCR–ABL1 kinase inhibitors.
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Somatic mutations
reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human
embryo
Whole-genome
sequencing of normal blood cells sampled from 241 adults
is used to infer mosaic point mutations that are likely
to have arisen during early embryogenesis, providing
insight into how early cellular dynamics may affect
adult tissues.
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The lung is a site of
platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic
progenitors
Direct imaging
of the lung microcirculation in mice indicates that it
is a major site of mature platelet production from
megakaryocytes.
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Structural insights
into adiponectin receptors suggest ceramidase
activity
Structures of
the adiponectin receptors ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 combined
with molecular dynamics simulations and enzymatic assays
suggest that both receptors have intrinsic ceramidase
activity.
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Cerebellar granule
cells encode the expectation of reward
A
sizable fraction of granule cells convey information
about the expectation of reward, with different
populations responding to reward delivery, anticipation
and omission, with some responses evolving over time
with learning.
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Corrigendum: Mobile
genes in the human microbiome are structured from global
to individual scales
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Corrigendum: Sliding
sleeves of XRCC4–XLF bridge DNA and connect fragments of
broken DNA
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Corrigendum: Cell
death by pyroptosis drives CD4 T-cell depletion in HIV-1
infection
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Complex multi-enhancer
contacts captured by genome architecture
mapping
A technique
called genome architecture mapping (GAM) involves
sequencing DNA from a large number of thin nuclear
cryosections to develop a map of genome organization
without the limitations of existing 3C-based
methods.
Robert
A. Beagrie, Antonio Scialdone, Markus Schueler et
al. |
Root microbiota drive
direct integration of phosphate stress and
immunity
In
Arabidopsis thaliana, a genetic network that
controls the phosphate stress response also influences
the structure of the root microbiome community, even
under non-stress phosphate conditions.
Gabriel
Castrillo, Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira, Sur Herrera
Paredes et al. |
A new hypothesis of
dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur
evolution
Analysis of a
wide range of dinosaurs and dinosauromorphs recovers a
sister-taxon relationship between Ornithischia and
Theropoda, calling for the redefinition of all the major
clades within Dinosauria and the revival of the clade
Ornithoscelida.
Matthew
G. Baron, David B. Norman, Paul M. Barrett |
Autism gene
Ube3a and seizures impair sociability by
repressing VTA Cbln1
Increasing
expression of the autism-associated gene Ube3a,
either alone or in combination with seizures, not only
impairs sociability in mice but also reduces expression
of the synaptic organizer Cbln1 in the ventral
tegmental area, thus weakening glutamatergic
transmission.
Vaishnav
Krishnan, David C. Stoppel, Yi Nong et
al. | |
Remote site-selective
C–H activation directed by a catalytic bifunctional
template
A method is
described for selectively activating remote C–H bonds in
heterocycles by using a catalytic template that binds by
reversible coordination instead of a covalent linkage,
removing the need for specific functional groups on
which to attach the template.
Zhipeng
Zhang, Keita Tanaka, Jin-Quan Yu |
CD32a is a marker of a
CD4 T-cell HIV reservoir harbouring
replication-competent proviruses
CD32a expression
is induced on the surface of HIV-1-infected quiescent
CD4 T cells, and could thus be used as a biomarker to
facilitate future study of how the virus persists in
cellular reservoirs in infected hosts.
Benjamin
Descours, Gaël Petitjean, José-Luis López-Zaragoza
et al. |
Mapping vibrational
surface and bulk modes in a single nanocube
Spatial mapping
of optical and acoustic, bulk and surface vibrational
modes in magnesium oxide nanocubes is demonstrated using
a single electron probe.
Maureen
J. Lagos, Andreas Trügler, Ulrich Hohenester et
al. |
Evidence for a
Fe3+-rich pyrolitic lower mantle from
(Al,Fe)-bearing bridgmanite elasticity data
The
authors report single-crystal elasticity data on
(Al,Fe)-bearing bridgmanite and show that its elastic
behaviour is markedly different from that of the
MgSiO3 endmember.
A.
Kurnosov, H. Marquardt, D. J. Frost et
al. |
Simultaneous tracking
of spin angle and amplitude beyond classical
limits
Simultaneous
precise measurement of the non-commuting observables
spin angle and spin amplitude is achieved by directing
the error due to quantum measurement back-action into an
unmeasured spin component.
Giorgio
Colangelo, Ferran Martin Ciurana, Lorena C. Bianchet
et al. |
Mechanical
metamaterials at the theoretical limit of isotropic
elastic stiffness
Finite-element
models are used to identify a material geometry that
achieves the theoretical bounds on isotropic elastic
stiffness—a combination closed-cell cubic and octet
foam.
J.
B. Berger, H. N. G. Wadley, R. M. McMeeking
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Bumblebee family
lineage survival is enhanced in high-quality
landscapes
Analysis of
three wild-caught bumblebee species shows that family
lineage survival and persistence is significantly
increased between successive colony cycle stages with
the proportion of high-value foraging habitat near the
natal colony.
Claire
Carvell, Andrew F. G. Bourke, Stephanie Dreier et
al. |
KRAB zinc-finger
proteins contribute to the evolution of gene regulatory
networks
Genomic analyses
of KRAB-containing zinc-finger proteins and the
transposable elements to which they bind show that a
co-evolutionary arms race was not the only driver of
their evolution.
Michaël
Imbeault, Pierre-Yves Helleboid, Didier Trono
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Phytoplankton can
actively diversify their migration strategy in response
to turbulent cues
Here, marine
phytoplankton are shown to diversify their migratory
strategy in response to turbulent cues through a rapid
change in shape, thus challenging a fundamental paradigm
in oceanography that phytoplankton are passively at the
mercy of ocean turbulence.
Anupam
Sengupta, Francesco Carrara, Roman Stocker |
DND1 maintains
germline stem cells via recruitment of the CCR4–NOT
complex to target mRNAs
The
vertebrate-conserved and germline-specific RNA-binding
protein DND1 recruits the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex
to destabilize its mRNA targets and is required for the
maintenance of germline stem cells.
Masashi
Yamaji, Miki Jishage, Cindy Meyer et al.
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RNA m6A
methylation regulates the ultraviolet-induced DNA damage
response
Methylation at
the 6 position of adenosine (m6A) in RNA is
rapidly and transiently induced at DNA damage sites in
response to ultraviolet irradiation.
Yang
Xiang, Benoit Laurent, Chih-Hung Hsu et
al. |
Early antibody therapy
can induce long-lasting immunity to SHIV
Early
administration of broadly neutralizing antibodies in a
macaque SHIV infection model is associated with very low
levels of persistent viraemia, which leads to the
establishment of T-cell immunity and resultant long-term
infection control.
Yoshiaki
Nishimura, Rajeev Gautam, Tae-Wook Chun et
al.
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