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Ageing: Measuring our narrow strip of life
In line with previous research, a demographic analysis corroborates the presence of a limit to human lifespan, indicating that increases in life expectancy are likely to slow down or stop over the coming years.
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Cancer: A shocking protein complex
Heat-shock proteins have been found to form part of a large protein complex, called the epichaperome, that improves the survival of some cancer cells. This complex might offer a new target for cancer treatment.
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Single-cell RNA-seq identifies a PD-1hi ILC progenitor and defines its developmental pathway
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The mechanism of force transmission at bacterial focal adhesion complexes
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Quantum dynamics of simultaneously measured non-commuting observables
Simultaneous measurement of two incompatible observables in a superconducting qubit placed in a cavity shows that the quantum dynamics of the system is governed by the uncertainty principle and that the wavefunction collapse is replaced by persistent diffusion.
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Metal–organic frameworks as selectivity regulators for hydrogenation reactions
The flavouring, perfume and pharmaceutical industries rely on the selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to generate unsaturated alcohols; here, a new type of highly selective catalyst is described in which platinum nanoparticles are sandwiched between a core and a shell of a metal−organic framework.
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Real-space investigation of energy transfer in heterogeneous molecular dimers
Scanning tunnelling microscopy is shown to be effective for probing energy transfer in a molecular dimer with submolecular resolution in real space.
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Pore architecture of TRIC channels and insights into their gating mechanism
X-ray structures of C. elegans TRIC-B subtype channels reveal that the membrane proteins form a symmetrical homotrimeric complex, and a mechanistic model to explain the complex gating mechanism of TRIC channels is proposed.
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Tissue-specific mutation accumulation in human adult stem cells during life
Stem cells of the liver, colon and small intestine gradually accumulate mutations throughout life at a similar rate even though cancer incidence varies greatly among these tissues.
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X-ray structure of the human α4β2 nicotinic receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast chemical neurotransmission; here, the first X-ray crystal structure of a nicotinic receptor is reported, revealing how nicotine stabilizes the receptor in a non-conducting, desensitized conformation.
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A cholinergic basal forebrain feeding circuit modulates appetite suppression
A mouse study reveals that acetylcholine signalling networks have a role in the regulation of body weight homeostasis, with increased activity of cholinergic neurons decreasing food consumption through downstream hypothalamic targets.
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Evidence for a limit to human lifespan
Demographic analysis of life expectancy and maximum reported age at death provides evidence that human lifespan has reached its natural limit.
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Formation of new chromatin domains determines pathogenicity of genomic duplications
Genomic duplications in the SOX9 region are associated with human disease phenotypes; a study using human cells and mouse models reveals that the duplications can cause the formation of new higher-order chromatin structures called topologically associated domains (TADs) thereby resulting in changes in gene expression.
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The epichaperome is an integrated chaperome network that facilitates tumour survival
Chaperomes are dynamic assemblies of proteins that regulate cellular homeostasis but specific cellular stresses remodel chaperome components into a stable chaperome network called the epichaperome, which might offer a new cancer target.
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Evolution of Hoxa11 regulation in vertebrates is linked to the pentadactyl state
The mutually exclusive expression of the Hoxa11 and Hoxa13 genes is required for pentadactyl (five-digit) limbs and is proposed to have contributed to the transition from several digits polydactyl (several-digit) limbs in the earliest tetrapods.
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Genomic insights into the peopling of the Southwest Pacific
Analysis of ancient DNA from four individuals who lived in Vanuatu and Tonga between 2,300 and 3,100 years ago suggests that the Papuan ancestry seen in present-day occupants of this region was introduced at a later date.
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De novo assembly and phasing of a Korean human genome OPEN
De novo assembly and phasing of the genome of an individual from Korea using a combination of different sequencing approaches provides a useful population-specific reference genome and represents the most contiguous human genome assembly so far.
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Erratum: Pancreatic stellate cells support tumour metabolism through autophagic alanine secretion
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Erratum: Pore-forming activity and structural autoinhibition of the gasdermin family
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Corrigendum: Slowly fading super-luminous supernovae that are not pair-instability explosions
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Circuit-based interrogation of sleep control
Weber and Dan review our understanding of the neural circuits controlling sleep, focusing on the advances in measurement and manipulation of neuronal activity and circuit tracing from genetically defined cell types.
Franz Weber, Yang Dan |
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High-molecular-weight organic matter in the particles of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
The COSIMA mass spectrometer on the Rosetta spacecraft has analysed the solid organic matter found in dust particles emitted by comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko; this matter is similar to the insoluble organic matter extracted from carbonaceous chondrites such as the Murchison meteorite, but is perhaps more primitive.
Nicolas Fray, Anaïs Bardyn, Hervé Cottin et al. |
Nodal-chain metals
A hitherto unrecognized type of fermionic excitation in metals is described, which forms a chain of connected loops in momentum space (a nodal chain) along which conduction and valence bands touch.
Tomáš Bzdušek, QuanSheng Wu, Andreas Rüegg et al. |
Surface patterning of nanoparticles with polymer patches
Surface patterning of nanoparticles with polymer patches is achieved in a poor solvent for the polymer by controlling the ratio between the sizes of polymer molecules and nanoparticles.
Rachelle M. Choueiri, Elizabeth Galati, Héloïse Thérien-Aubin et al. |
Cobalt carbide nanoprisms for direct production of lower olefins from syngas
Lower olefins are hydrocarbons that are widely used in the chemical industry, and can be generated from syngas by the ‘Fischer–Tropsch to olefins’ process; here, a new catalyst is described that can generate lower olefins from syngas with high selectivity, with little formation of undesirable methane.
Liangshu Zhong, Fei Yu, Yunlei An et al. |
Upward revision of global fossil fuel methane emissions based on isotope database
Revisions in isotopic source signatures reveal that global total fossil fuel methane emissions from industry plus natural geological seepage are much larger than thought.
Stefan Schwietzke, Owen A. Sherwood, Lori M. P. Bruhwiler et al. |
Late Pleistocene climate drivers of early human migration
The dispersal of Homo sapiens across the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant during the last glacial period was not a single event, but occurred in four astronomically-paced migration waves.
Axel Timmermann, Tobias Friedrich |
A cross-modal genetic framework for the development and plasticity of sensory pathways
In the neocortex, sensory information flows into areas specific for a particular modality through parallel thalamocortical circuits, consisting of first order and higher order nuclei connecting to primary and secondary cortical areas, respectively; here, the authors identify common developmental genetic programs that organize these conserved features in parallel sensory pathways.
Laura Frangeul, Gabrielle Pouchelon, Ludovic Telley et al. |
Autocrine BDNF–TrkB signalling within a single dendritic spine
Live fluorescent imaging of murine hippocampal slices shows that NMDAR-dependent glutamate signalling leads to postsynaptic BDNF release, with associated signalling of its receptor, TrkB, on the same dendritic spine, suggesting autocrine BDNF signalling.
Stephen C. Harward, Nathan G. Hedrick, Charles E. Hall et al. |
Rho GTPase complementation underlies BDNF-dependent homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity
The three small GTPases Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42 are differentially involved in structural long-term potentiation of rodent dendritic spines, simultaneously ensuring signal specificity and also priming the system for plasticity.
Nathan G. Hedrick, Stephen C. Harward, Charles E. Hall et al. |
The lipolysis pathway sustains normal and transformed stem cells in adult Drosophila
Attenuating the lipolysis pathway in Drosophila melanogaster by modulation of the COP1–Arf1 signalling complex induced necrosis in stem cells and led to their engulfment by differentiated cells.
Shree Ram Singh, Xiankun Zeng, Jiangsha Zhao et al. |
XPO1-dependent nuclear export is a druggable vulnerability in KRAS-mutant lung cancer
A multi-genomic approach identifies the addiction of KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells to XPO1-dependent nuclear export, offering a new therapeutic opportunity.
Jimi Kim, Elizabeth McMillan, Hyun Seok Kim et al. |
Acetylation-regulated interaction between p53 and SET reveals a widespread regulatory mode
The acidic domain of SET binds and represses unacetylated p53, but this interaction is prevented by cellular-stress-induced p53 CTD acetylation.
Donglai Wang, Ning Kon, Gorka Lasso et al. |
Accessory subunits are integral for assembly and function of human mitochondrial complex I
Gene-editing technology and large-scale proteomics are used to provide insights into the modular assembly of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, as well as identifying new assembly factors.
David A. Stroud, Elliot E. Surgenor, Luke E. Formosa et al. |
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