Volume 508 Number 7494   
 

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 News & Comment    Biological Sciences    Health Sciences
 
 Physical Sciences    Earth & Environmental Sciences    Careers & Jobs
 
 
 

This week's highlights

 
 

Specials - Outlook: Schizophrenia

 
 

Schizophrenia is a condition experienced by over 0.5% of the world's population at some time in their lives, and has a more debilitating impact on sufferers than most psychiatric illnesses, as well as a disproportionate societal impact. This special issue highlights the state of play and opportunities for progress in understanding, diagnosing and treating the condition.

more

 
 
 

Physical Sciences

More Physical sciences
 
A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo
 

Observations of a stellar occultation by (10199) Chariklo, a Centaur-class outer-system asteroid orbiting between Saturn and Uranus, reveal that it has a ring system, a feature previously observed only for the four giant planets. Chariklo, with a diameter of about 250 km, has two dense rings separated by a small gap, probably due to the presence of a an unseen kilometre-size satellite. This surprising discovery suggests that planetary rings are much more common than previously thought.

 
 
 

Earth & Environmental Sciences

More Earth & Environmental sciences
 
Highly siderophile elements in Earth's mantle as a clock for the Moon-forming impact
 

Various chronometers have been used to estimate the age of the Moon but the results differ widely because of the varying assumptions required in the calculation of the so-called model ages. Seth Jacobson et al. use an alternative approach. They run a large number of numerical simulations, some based on early Moon-forming events, others on later events. They then arrive at a model-independent correlation between the formation age of the Moon and the amount of mass accreted by the Earth since then, the so-called Late Veneer. The authors calculate that the Moon-forming impact was a late event, occurring some 40 million years after formation of the Solar System.

 
 
 

Biological Sciences

More Biological sciences
 
Tumour cell heterogeneity maintained by cooperating subclones in Wnt-driven mammary cancers
 

Tumours often display a complex subclonal organization. In a mouse model of breast cancer initiated by Wnt signalling, Allison Cleary et al. show that some tumours are biclonal — composed of basal and luminal clones with distinct genetic alterations. Clones cooperate to maintain the cancer: when Wnt production is blocked, basal cells carrying Hras mutations recruit other Wnt-producing cells to restore tumour growth. These findings shed light on the complex cellular interactions in heterogeneous tumours that may prove important for therapeutic strategies.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Podcast & Video

 
 

In this week's podcast: This week, using the immune system to attack cancer, mapping the prenatal brain, and fifty years on from the discovery of an ancient human species, 'handy man' Homo habilis. Plus, our favourite entries to Nature's snappy sci-fi story competition, MicroFutures.

 
 
 
 
News & Comment Read daily news coverage top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

THIS WEEK

 
 
 
 
 

Editorials

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Brace for impacts ▶

 
 

The latest instalment of the Fifth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lays out the state of the world — and the challenges ahead.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Natural decline ▶

 
 

Few biology degrees still feature natural history. Is the naturalist a species in crisis?

 
 
 
 
 
 

Brain waves ▶

 
 

Above the ‘big neuroscience’ commotion, literature plays its part.

 
 
 
 
 
 

World View

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Political borders should not hamper wildlife ▶

 
 

Given the lack of global legislation, nations should work hard to establish cross-border protections for vulnerable species, says Aaron M. Ellison.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Seven Days

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Seven days: 28 March–3 April 2014 ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 

NEWS IN FOCUS

 
 
 
 
 

NEWS – UKRAINE ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 

Regulators adopt more orphan drugs ▶

 
 

Agencies face rising applications for rare-disease therapies resulting from increasingly precise disease definitions.

 
 
 
 
 
 

ExoMars scientists narrow down landing sites ▶

 
 

Facing engineering constraints, researchers propose four destinations for European rover.

 
 
 
 
 
 

El Niño tests forecasters ▶

 
 

As hints emerge of a major weather event this year, poor data could thwart attempts to improve predictions.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Epigenomics starts to make its mark ▶

 
 

Analysis of chemical patterns on DNA shows promise for explaining disease, but few results have yet been replicated.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Features

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer treatment: The killer within ▶

 
 

The immune system can be a powerful weapon against cancer — but researchers are still grappling with how to control it.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Cosmology: Polar star ▶

 
 

After years of work in the Antarctic, John Kovac and his team have captured strong evidence for a long-held theory about the Universe’s birth.

 
 
 
 
 
 

COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

Human evolution: Fifty years after Homo habilis ▶

 
 

Bernard Wood explains why the announcement of 'handy man' in April 1964 threw the field of hominin evolution into a turmoil that continues to this day.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Development: Mobilize citizens to track sustainability ▶

 
 

Businesses and the public can keep watch when governments fail to provide environmental data, say Angel Hsu and colleagues.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Policy: Free Indian science ▶

 
 

As elections begin in India, Mathai Joseph and Andrew Robinson call for an end to the stultifying bureaucracy that has held back the nation's science for decades.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Books and Arts

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Tudor technology: Shakespeare and science ▶

 
 

To mark the 450th anniversary of the bard's birth, Jennifer Rampling probes how mathematics and technology shaped his era.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Earth systems: No place like home ▶

 
 

The newest chapter in James Lovelock's Gaia saga holds out hope, finds Tim Lenton.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Psychology: The clamorous mind ▶

 
 

Susanne Ahmari reviews a personal and scientific journey through obsessivecompulsive disorder.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Books in brief ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 

Correspondence

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Automated screening: ArXiv screens spot fake papers Paul Ginsparg | New Zealand: Free up systems for funding and advice Nicola Gaston | Scientific community: Journals must boost data sharing Timothy H. Vines | Scientific community: Projects powered by free computing grid Juan Hindo

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Biological Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 

RESEARCH

 
 
 
 
 

Latest Online

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Cell biology: The stressful influence of microbes ▶

 
 

Suzanne Wolff, Andrew Dillin

 
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer: Damage prevention targeted ▶

 
 

Dan Dominissini, Chuan He

 
 
 
 
 
 

Synapse elimination and learning rules co-regulated by MHC class I H2-Db ▶

 
 

Hanmi Lee, Barbara K. Brott, Lowry A. Kirkby et al.

 
 

This study reveals a role for the MHC class I molecule H2-Db in retinogeniculate synapse elimination; expression of this immune system molecule in neurons lacking it is sufficient to rescue proper synapse pruning, as well as the segregation of eye-specific circuits in mice.

 
 
 
 
 

Endosomes are specialized platforms for bacterial sensing and NOD2 signalling ▶

 
 

Norihiro Nakamura, Jennie R. Lill, Qui Phung et al.

 
 

This study shows that two endo-lysosomal peptide transporters, SLC15A3 and SLC15A4, are preferentially expressed by dendritic cells, especially after TLR stimulation. The transporters mediate the egress of bacterially derived components, such as the NOD2 cognate ligand muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and are selectively required for NOD2 responses to endosomally derived MDP.

 
 
 
 
 

A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain ▶

 
 

Seung Wook Oh, Julie A. Harris, Lydia Ng et al.

 
 

This study reports a brain-wide, cellular-level, mesoscale connectome for the mouse. The Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas uses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing adeno-associated viral vectors to trace axonal projections from defined regions and cell types, and high-throughput serial two-photon tomography to image the EGFP-labelled axons throughout the brain.

 
 
 
 
 
 

MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool ▶

 
 

Helge Gad, Tobias Koolmeister, Ann-Sofie Jemth et al.

 
 

In order to find a general treatment for cancer, this study found that MTH1 activity is essential for the survival of transformed cells, and isolated two small-molecule inhibitors of MTH1, TH287 and TH588 in the presence of these inhibitors, damaged nucleotides are incorporated into DNA only in cancer cells, causing cytotoxicity and eliciting a beneficial response in patient-derived mouse xenograft models.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Transcriptional landscape of the prenatal human brain ▶

 
 

Jeremy A. Miller, Song-Lin Ding, Susan M. Sunkin et al.

 
 

A spatially resolved transcriptional atlas of the mid-gestational developing human brain has been created using laser-capture microdissection and microarray technology, providing a comprehensive reference resource which also enables new hypotheses about the nature of human brain evolution and the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Stereospecific targeting of MTH1 by (S)-crizotinib as an anticancer strategy ▶

 
 

Kilian V. M. Huber, Eidarus Salah, Branka Radic et al.

 
 

A chemoproteomic screen is used here to identify MTH1 as the target of SCH51344, an experimental RAS-dependent cancer drug; a further search for inhibitors revealed (S)-crizotinib as a potent MTH1 antagonist, which suppresses tumour growth in animal models of colon cancer, and could be part of a new class of anticancer drugs.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Quantitative proteomics identifies NCOA4 as the cargo receptor mediating ferritinophagy ▶

 
 

Joseph D. Mancias, Xiaoxu Wang, Steven P. Gygi et al.

 
 

Through a quantitative proteomics analysis, a cohort of proteins is identified that associate with autophagosomes, among them a new cargo receptor called NCOA4 that, in response to iron deprivation, targets ferritin to autophagosomes and thereby releases iron.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Sensory stimulation shifts visual cortex from synchronous to asynchronous states ▶

 
 

Andrew Y. Y. Tan, Yuzhi Chen, Benjamin Scholl et al.

 
 

Intracellular recordings distinguish between mechanisms that can account for variability in primary visual cortex of alert primates, consistent with a scheme in which spiking is driven by infrequent synchronous events during fixation, with sensory stimulation shifting the cortex to an asynchronous state.

 
 
 
 
 
 

T-cell activation by transitory neo-antigens derived from distinct microbial pathways ▶

 
 

Alexandra J. Corbett, Sidonia B. G. Eckle, Richard W. Birkinshaw et al.

 
 

Activation of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells is shown to require key genes encoding an early intermediate in bacterial riboflavin synthesis, 5-amino-6-d-ribitylaminouracil; this reacts non-enzymatically with metabolites to form short-lived antigens that are captured and stabilized by MR1 for presentation to MAIT cells.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Caenorhabditis elegans pathways that surveil and defend mitochondria ▶

 
 

Ying Liu, Buck S. Samuel, Peter C. Breen et al.

 
 

A genome-wide RNA interference screen in Caenorhabditis elegans identifies 45 genes with roles in protective pathways following drug- and genetic-disruption-induced mitochondrial inhibition.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles and Letters

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease ▶

 
 

Catherine N. Hall, Clare Reynell, Bodil Gesslein et al.

 
 

Neuronal activity relaxes pericytes, leading to capillary dilation and increased blood flow, before arterioles dilate, suggesting that pericytes initiate blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional imaging signals; pericytes constrict and die in rigor in ischaemia, which will cause a long-lasting blood flow decrease after stroke, and damage the bloodbrain barrier.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Mechanism of Tc toxin action revealed in molecular detail ▶

 
 

Dominic Meusch, Christos Gatsogiannis, Rouslan G. Efremov et al.

 
 

High-resolution structures of the Photorhabdus luminescens TcA toxin subunit and the entire Tc toxin complex reveal important new insights into Tc complex structure and function.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Poly(A)-tail profiling reveals an embryonic switch in translational control ▶

 
 

Alexander O. Subtelny, Stephen W. Eichhorn, Grace R. Chen et al.

 
 

A new high-throughput sequencing method to determine mRNA poly(A)-tail length enabled studies of individual RNAs across species and developmental stages to investigate the role of poly(A) length in translational regulation; the relationship between poly(A) length and translational efficiency shown in early embryo systems does not occur later in development, a finding that explains different regulatory consequences of microRNAs acting at different developmental times.

 
 
 
 
 
 

The hippocampal CA2 region is essential for social memory ▶

 
 

Frederick L. Hitti, Steven A. Siegelbaum

 
 

CA2 neuron inactivation leads to a severe deficit in social memory, while having little effect on other well-known hippocampal functions such as contextual or spatial memory.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Mouse liver repopulation with hepatocytes generated from human fibroblasts ▶

 
 

Saiyong Zhu, Milad Rezvani, Jack Harbell et al.

 
 

Human fibroblasts can be converted into hepatocytes capable of repopulating mouse livers by shortcutting reprogramming to pluripotency with factors promoting endoderm and hepatocyte differentiation.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Constitutional and somatic rearrangement of chromosome 21 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ▶

 
 

Yilong Li, Claire Schwab, Sarra L. Ryan et al.

 
 

A rare constitutional translocation between chromosomes 15 and 21 predisposes to catastrophic chromosomal damage followed by amplification of megabase regions, causing a specific subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

 
 
 
 
 
 

XBP1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by controlling the HIF1 pathway ▶

 
 

Xi Chen, Dimitrios Iliopoulos, Qing Zhang et al.

 
 

This study finds that triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) show an increased basal level of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response; furthermore, XBP1 promotes tumour formation of TNBC cell lines by interacting with and regulating HIF1.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Metabolic determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to glucose limitation and biguanides ▶

 
 

Kvan Birsoy, Richard Possemato, Franziska K. Lorbeer et al.

 
 

New apparatus is used to maintain proliferating cancer cells in low-glucose conditions, demonstrating that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is essential for optimal proliferation in these conditions; the most sensitive cell lines are defective in OXPHOS upregulation and may therefore be sensitive to current antidiabetic drugs that inhibit OXPHOS.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Tumour cell heterogeneity maintained by cooperating subclones in Wnt-driven mammary cancers ▶

 
 

Allison S. Cleary, Travis L. Leonard, Shelley A. Gestl et al.

 
 

In a mouse model of tumours initiated by Wnt signalling in which a proportion of tumours are biclonal, that is, composed of basal and luminal clones with distinct genetic alterations, these clones are shown to cooperate to maintain tumour growth in a Wnt-dependent manner.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Reversible and adaptive resistance to BRAF(V600E) inhibition in melanoma ▶

 
 

Chong Sun, Liqin Wang, Sidong Huang et al.

 
 

Patients with melanomas carrying an activating BRAF mutation respond to treatment with BRAF inhibitors although resistance to the inhibitor usually emerges; this resistance is shown to arise through increased expression of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR; however, these changes decrease cell fitness and during a break from inhibitor treatment these cells are selected against, revealing that some patients who acquire EGFR expression may benefit from inhibitor re-treatment after a drug holiday.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Maternal retinoids control type 3 innate lymphoid cells and set the offspring immunity ▶

 
 

Serge A. van de Pavert, Manuela Ferreira, Rita G. Domingues et al.

 
 

Dietary vitamin A during pregnancy is required for the formation of secondary lymphoid organs of the developing embryo and affects the offsprings immune competence in adulthood.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Mitoflash frequency in early adulthood predicts lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans  ▶

 
 

En-Zhi Shen, Chun-Qing Song, Yuan Lin et al.

 
 

In Caenorhabditiselegans, mitochondrial activity as measured by the frequency of the mitochondrial flash in young adult animals is a powerful predictor of lifespan across genetic, environmental and stochastic factors.

 
 
 
 
 
 

News & Views

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer: Disabling defences in the brain ▶

 
 

Janine T. Erler

 
 
 
 
 
 

Immunology: A is for immunity ▶

 
 

Grard Eberl

 
 
 
 
 
 

Vascular biology: Brain vessels squeezed to death ▶

 
 

Daniel M. Greif, Anne Eichmann

 
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer: Clonal cooperation ▶

 
 

Kornelia Polyak, Andriy Marusyk

 
 
 
 
 
 

Cell biology: The stressful influence of microbes ▶

 
 

Suzanne Wolff, Andrew Dillin

 
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer: Damage prevention targeted ▶

 
 

Dan Dominissini, Chuan He

 
 
 
 
 
 

Brief Communications Arising

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Interneuron subtypes and orientation tuning ▶

 
 

Seung-Hee Lee, Alex C. Kwan, Yang Dan

 
 
 
 
 
 

Atallah et al. reply ▶

 
 

Bassam V. Atallah, Massimo Scanziani, Matteo Carandini

 
 
 
 
 
 

El-Boustani et al. reply ▶

 
 

Sami El-Boustani, Nathan R. Wilson, Caroline A. Runyan et al.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Research Highlights

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Neurobiology: Brain map reveals behaviour links | Palaeontology: Ancient starfish spotted predators | Neuroscience: Why babies live hand to mouth | Animal behaviour: Whale dives into record books | Cancer genetics: Cancer survives by silencing a gene | Neuroscience: A broken channel in Huntington's | Agriculture: Cattle tamed by moving and mixing | Ecology: Crabs ready for climate change | Ecology: City birds and plants in decline

 
 
 
 

NEWS & COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

Political borders should not hamper wildlife | Cancer treatment: The killer within | Human evolution: Fifty years after Homo habilis | Epigenomics starts to make its mark | Psychology: The clamorous mind | Regulators adopt more orphan drugs

 
 
 
 
 
 

More Biological Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nature Genetics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Anhui Medical University are pleased to present:
Genome Variation in Precision Medicine
May 15-17, 2014 Radegast Lake View Hotel Beijing
Click here for more information or to register for this conference today!
 
 
 
 
Health Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 

RESEARCH

 
 
 
 
 

Latest Online

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer: Damage prevention targeted ▶

 
 

Dan Dominissini, Chuan He

 
 
 
 
 
 

MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool ▶

 
 

Helge Gad, Tobias Koolmeister, Ann-Sofie Jemth et al.

 
 

In order to find a general treatment for cancer, this study found that MTH1 activity is essential for the survival of transformed cells, and isolated two small-molecule inhibitors of MTH1, TH287 and TH588 in the presence of these inhibitors, damaged nucleotides are incorporated into DNA only in cancer cells, causing cytotoxicity and eliciting a beneficial response in patient-derived mouse xenograft models.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Endosomes are specialized platforms for bacterial sensing and NOD2 signalling ▶

 
 

Norihiro Nakamura, Jennie R. Lill, Qui Phung et al.

 
 

This study shows that two endo-lysosomal peptide transporters, SLC15A3 and SLC15A4, are preferentially expressed by dendritic cells, especially after TLR stimulation. The transporters mediate the egress of bacterially derived components, such as the NOD2 cognate ligand muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and are selectively required for NOD2 responses to endosomally derived MDP.

 
 
 
 
 
 

A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain ▶

 
 

Seung Wook Oh, Julie A. Harris, Lydia Ng et al.

 
 

This study reports a brain-wide, cellular-level, mesoscale connectome for the mouse. The Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas uses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing adeno-associated viral vectors to trace axonal projections from defined regions and cell types, and high-throughput serial two-photon tomography to image the EGFP-labelled axons throughout the brain.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Stereospecific targeting of MTH1 by (S)-crizotinib as an anticancer strategy ▶

 
 

Kilian V. M. Huber, Eidarus Salah, Branka Radic et al.

 
 

A chemoproteomic screen is used here to identify MTH1 as the target of SCH51344, an experimental RAS-dependent cancer drug; a further search for inhibitors revealed (S)-crizotinib as a potent MTH1 antagonist, which suppresses tumour growth in animal models of colon cancer, and could be part of a new class of anticancer drugs.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles and Letters

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Constitutional and somatic rearrangement of chromosome 21 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ▶

 
 

Yilong Li, Claire Schwab, Sarra L. Ryan et al.

 
 

A rare constitutional translocation between chromosomes 15 and 21 predisposes to catastrophic chromosomal damage followed by amplification of megabase regions, causing a specific subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

 
 
 
 
 
 

XBP1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by controlling the HIF1 pathway ▶

 
 

Xi Chen, Dimitrios Iliopoulos, Qing Zhang et al.

 
 

This study finds that triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) show an increased basal level of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response; furthermore, XBP1 promotes tumour formation of TNBC cell lines by interacting with and regulating HIF1.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Metabolic determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to glucose limitation and biguanides ▶

 
 

Kvan Birsoy, Richard Possemato, Franziska K. Lorbeer et al.

 
 

New apparatus is used to maintain proliferating cancer cells in low-glucose conditions, demonstrating that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is essential for optimal proliferation in these conditions; the most sensitive cell lines are defective in OXPHOS upregulation and may therefore be sensitive to current antidiabetic drugs that inhibit OXPHOS.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Tumour cell heterogeneity maintained by cooperating subclones in Wnt-driven mammary cancers ▶

 
 

Allison S. Cleary, Travis L. Leonard, Shelley A. Gestl et al.

 
 

In a mouse model of tumours initiated by Wnt signalling in which a proportion of tumours are biclonal, that is, composed of basal and luminal clones with distinct genetic alterations, these clones are shown to cooperate to maintain tumour growth in a Wnt-dependent manner.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Reversible and adaptive resistance to BRAF(V600E) inhibition in melanoma ▶

 
 

Chong Sun, Liqin Wang, Sidong Huang et al.

 
 

Patients with melanomas carrying an activating BRAF mutation respond to treatment with BRAF inhibitors although resistance to the inhibitor usually emerges; this resistance is shown to arise through increased expression of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR; however, these changes decrease cell fitness and during a break from inhibitor treatment these cells are selected against, revealing that some patients who acquire EGFR expression may benefit from inhibitor re-treatment after a drug holiday.

 
 
 
 
 
 

News & Views

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer: Disabling defences in the brain ▶

 
 

Janine T. Erler

 
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer: Clonal cooperation ▶

 
 

Kornelia Polyak, Andriy Marusyk

 
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer: Damage prevention targeted ▶

 
 

Dan Dominissini, Chuan He

 
 
 
 
 
 

Research Highlights

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer genetics: Cancer survives by silencing a gene | Neuroscience: A broken channel in Huntington's

 
 
 
 

NEWS & COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

Cancer treatment: The killer within | Epigenomics starts to make its mark | Psychology: The clamorous mind | Regulators adopt more orphan drugs

 
 
 
 
 
 

More Health Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Physical Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 

RESEARCH

 
 
 
 
 

Latest Online

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Solar system: Cracking up on asteroids ▶

 
 

Heather A. Viles

 
 
 
 
 
 

Thermal fatigue as the origin of regolith on small asteroids ▶

 
 

Marco Delbo, Guy Libourel, Justin Wilkerson et al.

 
 

Thermal fatigue resulting from diurnal temperature variations is shown to be the dominant means of rock fragmentation and, consequently, regolith formation on small asteroids.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles and Letters

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo ▶

 
 

F. Braga-Ribas, B. Sicardy, J. L. Ortiz et al.

 
 

Observations of a stellar occultation by (10199) Chariklo, a minor body that orbits the Sun between Jupiter and Neptune, reveal that it has a ring system, a property previously observed only for the four giant planets of the Solar System.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Efficient rotational cooling of Coulomb-crystallized molecular ions by a helium buffer gas ▶

 
 

A. K. Hansen, O. O. Versolato, . Kosowski et al.

 
 

In combination with sympathetic cooling of translational degrees of freedom (leading to Coulomb crystallization), cooling of the rotational degrees of freedom of magnesium hydride ions using a helium buffer gas leads to temperatures in a tunable range from 60 kelvin down to about 7 kelvin for a single ion, the lowest such temperature so far recorded.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Coherent control of the waveforms of recoilless -ray photons ▶

 
 

Farit Vagizov, Vladimir Antonov, Y. V. Radeonychev et al.

 
 

The resonant interaction between -ray photons and an ensemble of nuclei with a periodically modulated resonant transition frequency can be used to control the waveforms of the photons coherently; for example, individual -ray photons can be converted into a coherent, ultrashort pulse train or into a double pulse.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Highly siderophile elements in Earths mantle as a clock for the Moon-forming impact ▶

 
 

Seth A. Jacobson, Alessandro Morbidelli, Sean N. Raymond et al.

 
 

A large number of N-body simulations of the giant-impact phase of planet formation, combined with the measured concentrations of highly siderophile elements in Earths mantle, reveal that the Moon must have formed at least 40 million years after the condensation of the first solids of the Solar System.

 
 
 
 
 
 

News & Views

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Solar System: Ring in the new ▶

 
 

Joseph A. Burns

 
 
 
 
 
 

Planetary science: A chronometer for Earth's age ▶

 
 

John Chambers

 
 
 
 
 
 

Solar system: Cracking up on asteroids ▶

 
 

Heather A. Viles

 
 
 
 
 
 

Research Highlights

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Electronics: Stick-on skin sensor measures motion

 
 
 
 

NEWS & COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

ExoMars scientists narrow down landing sites | Tudor technology: Shakespeare and science | Earth systems: No place like home | Automated screening: ArXiv screens spot fake papers | Scientific community: Projects powered by free computing grid | Cosmology: Polar star

 
 
 
 
 
 

More Physical Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earth & Environmental Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 

RESEARCH

 
 
 
 
 

Latest Online

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Solar system: Cracking up on asteroids ▶

 
 

Heather A. Viles

 
 
 
 
 
 

Mid-latitude interhemispheric hydrologic seesaw over the past 550,000 years ▶

 
 

Kyoung-nam Jo, Kyung Sik Woo, Sangheon Yi et al.

 
 

Tropical and subtropical speleothems show that the latitudinal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone tends to produce increased precipitation in one hemisphere and drying in the other; now it is shown using speleothems from the Korean peninsula that this phenomenon extended to the mid-latitudes during the past 550,000 years.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Thermal fatigue as the origin of regolith on small asteroids ▶

 
 

Marco Delbo, Guy Libourel, Justin Wilkerson et al.

 
 

Thermal fatigue resulting from diurnal temperature variations is shown to be the dominant means of rock fragmentation and, consequently, regolith formation on small asteroids.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Articles and Letters

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Highly siderophile elements in Earths mantle as a clock for the Moon-forming impact ▶

 
 

Seth A. Jacobson, Alessandro Morbidelli, Sean N. Raymond et al.

 
 

A large number of N-body simulations of the giant-impact phase of planet formation, combined with the measured concentrations of highly siderophile elements in Earths mantle, reveal that the Moon must have formed at least 40 million years after the condensation of the first solids of the Solar System.

 
 
 
 
 
 

News & Views

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Solar System: Ring in the new ▶

 
 

Joseph A. Burns

 
 
 
 
 
 

Planetary science: A chronometer for Earth's age ▶

 
 

John Chambers

 
 
 
 
 
 

Solar system: Cracking up on asteroids ▶

 
 

Heather A. Viles

 
 
 
 
 

NEWS & COMMENT

 
 
 
 
 

ExoMars scientists narrow down landing sites | El Niño tests forecasters | Earth systems: No place like home | Brace for impacts | Development: Mobilize citizens to track sustainability

 
 
 
 
 
 

More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Specials - Nature Outlook: Schizophrenia Free Access top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Schizophrenia ▶

 
 

Herb Brody

 
 
 
 
 
 

Aetiology: Searching for schizophrenia's roots ▶

 
 

Sixty years after the first schizophrenia drug hit the market, researchers are still struggling to understand and treat the disorder. By Emily Elert.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Language: Lost in translation ▶

 
 

Unravelling the mystery of verbal dysfunction in schizophrenia could yield clues to the nature of the disease.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Genetics: Unravelling complexity ▶

 
 

A massive research collaboration is revealing hundreds of genes underlying schizophrenia risk, and may point the way to targeted treatments.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Drug development: The modelling challenge ▶

 
 

Researchers have made good progress with animal tests for cognition. The next step is to devise a rodent model for drug development.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Therapeutics: Negative feedback ▶

 
 

Schizophrenia debilitates not just by psychosis but by depriving people of the ability to feel pleasure.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Prevention: Before the break ▶

 
 

Paying attention to risk factors and warning signs could avert some cases of schizophrenia or at least better prepare people for what's to come.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Developing countries: The outcomes paradox ▶

 
 

Schizophrenia patients in developing countries seem to fare better than their Western counterparts. Researchers are keen to find out why.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Ageing: Live faster, die younger ▶

 
 

People with schizophrenia show signs of accelerated ageing a phenomenon that could lead researchers to a deeper understanding of the disease.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Perspective: Retreat from the radical ▶

 
 

Failures in the development of schizophrenia treatments don't justify the dramatic overhaul now being proposed, says Stephen R. Marder.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets ▶

 
 

The more we study the genetics of schizophrenia, says Steven E. Hyman, the more daunting and exciting are the challenges we see ahead.

 
 
 

Produced with support from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Inc.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Special - Technology Feature top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cancer treatment: Sharp shooters ▶

 
 

Beams of charged particles can treat cancer more safely and effectively than X-rays. Physicists and biomedical researchers are working to refine the technology for wider use.

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Careers & Jobs top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Translational research: Cancer killers ▶

 
 

Promising results in cancer immunotherapy offer growing opportunities and challenges in translational research.

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Turning point: Liping Qin ▶

 
 

Solar System findings help geochemist to return to China to launch planetary-chemistry lab.

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Equality: Mind the gender gap ▶

 
 

More female students must take up physical sciences to meet demand in UK technical sectors.

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Visas: Stay for a while ▶

 
 

Sweden seeks to allow foreign postgraduates to stay on for work.

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Funding: UK postgrad bonanza ▶

 
 

UK invests in postgraduate training in physical sciences, maths and engineering.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Careers related news & comment

 
     
 
 
 
 
 

Seven days: 28 March–3 April 2014 | NEWS – UKRAINE Alison Abbott | Policy: Free Indian science Mathai Joseph, Andrew Robinson | Books in brief Barbara Kiser | Automated screening: ArXiv screens spot fake papers Paul Ginsparg | New Zealand: Free up systems for funding and advice Nicola Gaston

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

naturejobs.com

naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week

 
 
 

Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Theoretical Material Physics - Thermoelectric Materials

 
 

University of Oslo 

 
 
 
 
 

PhD studentship on flexible atomically-thin materials for optoelectronics

 
 

University of Exeter 

 
 
 
 
 

An Engineer for thin film nano-materials (m / f)

 
 

Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann 

 
 
 
 
 

Binary Polyoxometalates / Magnetic NanoCrystals materials

 
 

Pierre et Marie Curie University- Paris VI, Paris, France 

 
 
 
 
 

Postdoc in Biophysics / Biomaterials

 
 

Indiana University - Bloomington 

 
 
 
 

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  natureevents Directory featured events  
 
 
 
 

natureevents.com - The premier science events website

natureevents directory featured events

 
 
 
 

Tumor Models Boston

 
 

22.07.14 Boston, USA

 
 
 
 

Natureevents Directory is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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