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Science/AAAS
Science
Table of Contents
 

27 September 2013 Volume 341, Issue 6153


In this week's issue:


Special Section


Introduction to Special Issue
Introduction


Research Summaries


Editor summaries of this week's papers.

Highlights of the recent literature.


Editorial




News of The Week


In science news around the world, Angela Merkel and her party, the Christian Democrats, were the big winners in Germany's elections; NIH will give $33 million to a clinical trial of a drug targeting amyloid plaques—hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease; and Russia's lower house of parliament approves a merger of the Russian Academy of Sciences with two other academies.


Smithsonian Secretary G. Wayne Clough announced he will step down as head of the institution in October 2014.


String theory goes viral in a video by musician and physics master's degree student Tim Blais that parodies Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody." And, thanks to newly discovered fossils, anthropologists reconstruct Lucy, the 3.2-million-year-old hominin, giving her a new, svelter look.




News & Analysis


U.S. Research Spending

As the 2013 fiscal year comes to a close in the United States, the impact on science of the 5% federal budget cut known as the sequester is becoming clearer—sort of.


Climate Policy

The Obama administration last week unveiled a landmark proposal that would require new coal-fired power plants to capture at least some of the carbon pollution they emit, but the needed technology remains uncertain.


Australia

Australia's new government eliminated the science minister post and has begun dismantling climate change programs—and more tremors could follow.


Infectious Diseases

C. difficile, a nasty hospital-acquired infection, is on the rise. Genetic sleuths are looking for where it is coming from and what can be done.


Ecology

Suggesting a new ecological threat, hormonal metabolites thought to degrade in sunlight can revert at night, zombielike, back into the endocrine-disrupting substances.



News Focus


Mercury Pollution

Can a landmark global agreement to curb mercury pollution make a difference?


Mercury Pollution

The Minamata Convention on Mercury seeks to curb or end most uses of mercury. It also calls for plenty of research.


Mercury Pollution

Nearly 60 years after a chemical plant caused one of the world's worst episodes of mercury poisoning, the Japanese town that came to symbolize the metal's threat is still struggling with the aftermath.


Mercury Pollution

Small-scale artisanal gold mining has become the world's leading source of mercury pollution, poisoning air, rivers, and people.



Letters



Books et al.


Neuroscience and Art

Using artworks from many periods and traditions, Shimamura explores what science can tell us about our reactions to art.


Psychology

Perry draws on interviews and archival research to examine the methodology and conclusions of Stanley Milgram's famous obedience experiments.


A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 20 September 2013.



Essays


IBI* Series Winner

The Genetic Engineering Proposal Project, an IBI prize-winning module, teaches biology students to devise innovative bioproducts or solutions to environmental or health problems.



Education Forum


Science Education

An evidence-based framework offers a guide for efforts to increase student persistence in STEM majors.



Perspectives


Environmental Science

Mercury concentrations in the atmosphere and oceans are affected not only by anthropogenic emissions but also by climate and ecosystem change.


Materials Science

Smart coatings are designed to be sensitive to various external and internal stimuli, thereby enhancing the surface functionality of materials.


Microbiology

Genomic data help to elucidate the role of food animals in the spread of antimicrobial resistance in humans. [Also see Report by Mather et al.]


Materials Science

Controlled thermal processing can create alloys with large crystalline grains that can lead to improvements in materials performance. [Also see Report by Omori et al.]


Immunology

Oscillation in the numbers of inflammatory monocytes in different organs depends on a circadian clock gene expressed by myeloid cells. [Also see Report by Nguyen et al.]


Materials Science

Superelastic and shape-memory ceramics may find application in high-temperature actuators and energy-harvesting devices. [Also see Report by Lai et al.]


Cell Biology

A similar approach to analyze protein trafficking arrives at two opposing models of movement through the cell's secretory pathway.

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Association Affairs



Research Articles







Data from various satellites in Earth’s magnetotail clarify where and how electromagnetic energy conversion occurs.


The clock protein Bmal1 regulates daily changes in white blood cell trafficking and susceptibility to inflammation in mice. [Also see Perspective by Druzd and Scheiermann]



Reports


Electron densities detected by Voyager 1 show that the spacecraft is in the interstellar plasma.


Observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope strengthen the link between the coolest brown dwarfs and gas-giant exoplanets.


Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of Pb1–xSnxSe in a magnetic field reveals two types of Dirac fermions.


Thermal cycling of a copper-based shape-memory alloy leads to abnormal grain growth and very large grains. [Also see Perspective by Pedrazas]


The layered material Ti3C2 can intercalate much larger cations than Li+, allowing for energy storage applications.


Fine-scale shape memory ceramics are capable of many actuation cycles to strains up to 7%. [Also see Perspective by Faber]


The rapid loss of native mammals from isolated Thai forests suggests that forest fragments cannot maintain biodiversity.


During embryogenesis, a network of genes centered on p53, topoisomerase 1, and olfactory receptors helps to ensure cell cooperation.


Antibiotic resistance travels in independent epidemics in humans and their livestock. [Also see Perspective by Woolhouse and Ward]


A specific brain circuit drives the consumption of highly palatable food, even when energy needs are satisfied.


Changes in specific neuronal circuits suggest that drug-evoked synaptic plasticity facilitates drug-adaptive behavior.



Podcast


Listen to stories on taming mercury in the environment, news from the Curiosity rover, codon bias in bacterial genes, and more.



New Products


A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.


 
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Sponsored by Qiagen

Experience outstanding next-gen sequencing (NGS) results on any sequencing platform!

Use only the highest-quality nucleic acids for your NGS with QIAGEN's advanced purification technologies — even with single cells and challenging FFPE samples.

Ensure optimal use of sequencing capacity and resources with unique target enrichment that provides efficient rRNA depletion or disease-focused sequencing of your genes of interest.

Eliminate time-wasting library prep bottlenecks with optimized solutions that are up to 50% faster than other methods!

Discover QIAGEN's innovative NGS solutions today!

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