INTRODUCTION
Technology Overview
System Configurations
Evolution of Infrared Communication Systems
The Optical Wireless Channel
Design Fundamentals
Power Budget Considerations
Summary and Conclusions

ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION LIMITATIONS
Introduction to Atmospheric Propagation
Important Definitions
Atmospheric Transmission
Effect of Rain, Fog, and Mist
Scintillation
Summary and Conclusions

DATA TRANSMISSION LIMITATIONS AND EYE SAFETY
Data Transmission Limitations
Eye Safety
Extended vs. Collimated Sources
Holographic Diffusers
LEDs vs. LDs
Special Considerations for Outdoor Systems
Summary and Conclusions

FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICAL CONCENTRATION
Overview of Optical Concentration
Geometrical Optics and Ray Tracing
Optical Path Length and Fermat's Principle
The Etendue or Lagrange Invariant
The Edge Ray Principle
Concentration Ratio
Summary and Conclusions

OPTICAL CONCENTRATORS
Overview of Optical Concentrators
Wireless IR Receiver Requirements
Optical Filters
Optical Concentrators
DTIRC Characteristics
Comparison of Concentrators
Practical Issues
Other Shapes of DTIRCs
Summary and Conclusions

OPTICAL WIRELESS TRANSMITTER DESIGN
Introduction to Optical Wireless Transmitter Design
Transmitter Design Considerations
Optical Source Characteristics
Types of Optical Modulation
Driver Circuit Design Concepts
Current Steering Output Circuit
Back Termination Circuit
Predriver
Data Retiming
Automatic Power Control
Transmitters Linearization Techniques

OPTICAL WIRELESS RECEIVER DESIGN
Receiver Design Considerations
Photodetection in Reverse-biased Diodes
Choosing the Photodetector
Receiver Noise Consideration
Bit Error Rate and Sensitivity
Bandwidth
Signal Amplification Techniques
Receiver Main Amplifier (RMA)
Transceiver Circuit Implementation Technologies: Hybrid and Monolithic Integration
Summary and Conclusions

MODULATION, CODING, AND MULTIPLE ACCESS
Introduction to Modulation and Multiple Access Techniques
Modulation
Modulation Techniques Comparison
Modulation Schemes in The Presence of Noise
Modulation Schemes in the Presence of Multipath Distortion
Multiple Access Techniques
Summary and Conclusions

IrDA PROTOCOLS
Wireless Protocol Standards
The Infrared Data Association
IrDA Standard Overview
The Physical Layer Protocol
Framer/Driver
IrLAP
IrLMP
Information Access Service and Protocol
Tiny Transport Protocol
Session and Application Layer Protocols
Summary and Conclusions

WIRELESS IR NETWORKING
Introduction to Wireless IR Networking
Network Architecture
Optical Wireless Network Specifications
The Ad Hoc Network
Quality of Service (QoS)
Future Infrared Networking

REFERENCES