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Science, 15 October 2010 (Volume 330, Issue 6002) http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6002/index.dtl?etoc Also online at Science:: Science Express -- selected papers published in advance of print ScienceNOW -- daily postings from Science's award-winning news team Science Signaling -- online cell signaling journal and knowledge environment Science Careers -- job postings and career advice for scientists

In this week's issue:

Germany's Energy Research Plan
Annette Schavan
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/295

This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6002/twis.dtl

Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6002/twil.dtl

Government Chided for Poor Planning and Communication
Last week, a presidential commission investigating the Gulf of Mexico oil spill released two preliminary reports from its staff that fault the government's handling of the estimates of how much oil was gushing from the well and the biological impact of the dispersants used to break up the oil.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/302

Three Laureates Explained Why Unemployment Is Inevitable
Peter Diamond, Dale Mortensen, and Christopher Pissarides won this year's Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for laying out the theory that explains why full employment is impossible.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/303

Painful Failure of Promising Genital Herpes Vaccine
A vaccine designed to ward off genital herpes has failed in a large clinical trial, abruptly ending the product's seemingly promising future.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/304

Climate Talks Still at Impasse, China Buffs Its Green Reputation
Amid the pessimism and recriminations at a United Nations meeting in Tianjin, China, last week, one nation won praise from observers for its efforts to boost energy efficiency and invest in green technologies: the host, China.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/305

Better Intro Courses Seen as Key to Reducing Attrition of STEM Majors
A new report from the National Academies says that improving introductory courses is one of many steps needed to increase the number of students obtaining degrees in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and, in particular, the percentage of minorities in the scientific and engineering workforce.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/306

From Science's Online Daily News Site
ScienceNOW reported this week on the biggest genome ever, possible building blocks of life in Titan's atmosphere, how volcanoes feed plankton, and a new genetic analysis that suggests that thoroughbred foremothers hailed from Ireland and Britain, among other stories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/307

Custom-Built Supercomputer Brings Protein Folding Into View
On page 341 of this week's issue of Science, computational biologists report that they ran a specially built supercomputer for about 3 weeks to simulate a relatively small protein going through 15 rounds of folding and unfolding over 200 microseconds.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/308-a

Carbon-Linking Catalysts Get Nobel Nod
This year's Nobel Prize in chemistry went to Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki, and Richard Heck for discovering catalysts used to tie the knot between carbon atoms on separate molecules.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/308-b

From the Science Policy Blog
ScienceInsider reported this week that a National Academies' report on how U.S. universities have managed intellectual property in the wake of the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act has concluded that things are pretty much hunky-dory but that schools may be trying too hard to cash in on discoveries, among other stories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/309

Random Samples
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6002/r-samples.dtl

Can the Census Go Digital?
Technology seems like an obvious remedy for soaring costs and privacy concerns. But demographers say the cure to what ails the U.S. census isn't nearly that simple.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/310

Soap or Census?
Will people really out themselves for discounts on cleansers and other products? The answer seems to be yes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/311

In China's Backcountry, Tracking Lethal Bird Flu
Five years after flu devastated wild birds in China, researchers have confirmed one likely transmission route.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/313

Nanoparticle Trojan Horses Gallop From the Lab Into the Clinic
Experimental cancer treatments are aiming to deliver toxic medicines to cells inside packages that protect normal tissues and evade the body's immune system.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/314

Machine Science: The Human Side
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6002/317-a

Machine Science: Truly Machine-Aided Science
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6002/317-b

Machine Science: What's Missing
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6002/317-c

Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6002/318

Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6002/320

Our Evolving View of Childhood
Alison Gopnik
Combining findings on evolution, maturation, socialization, and culture, Konner offers a broad-based explanation of how biology underlies "normally developing social behavior."
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/321

Descended from Refuse
T. Junier and P. Junier
Rious has assembled a diverse fauna from scraps of everyday human implements.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/322-a

Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 08 October 2010.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/322-b

Ecosystem Services for 2020
C. Perrings et al.
The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2020 targets are an improvement over the 2010 target, but they could be strengthened.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/323

Stopping the Stones
F. L. Coe and J. R. Asplin
Compounds that prevent the crystallization of an amino acid may represent a new class of therapeutic agent for kidney stones.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/325

Variation Catches a Ride
Brian Charlesworth
Genetic hitchhiking appears to shape variability in quantitative traits
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/326

Filling the Light Pipe
David J. Richardson
As data transmission rates continue to increase, optoelectronic engineers are developing techniques to deal with the approaching "capacity crunch."
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/327

Temperatures to Communicate By
Isaac Edery
Temperature changes synchronize circadian clocks in organs that can't sense light-dark cycles.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/329

RNA GPS
C. Kluwe and A. D. Ellington
Detailed "fitness landscapes" could reveal the paths for evolution of function.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/330

The Benefits of Multilingualism
Jared Diamond
Bilingual rearing of children, instead of confusing them, may bring lifelong advantages.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/332

Recasting Metal Alloy Phases with Block Copolymers
M. Peterca and V. Percec
Highly complex metal alloy phases have been replicated at a larger scale with spherical aggregates formed from polymers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/333

Why Testing Improves Memory: Mediator Effectiveness Hypothesis
M. A. Pyc and K. A. Rawson
Testing not only evaluates the state of memory, but also improves memory more than restudy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/335

IDH2 Mutations in Patients with D-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria
M. Kranendijk et al.
A mutation that changes the specificity of an enzyme in human cancer is also found in an inherited metabolic disorder.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/336

Crystal Growth Inhibitors for the Prevention of L-Cystine Kidney Stones Through Molecular Design
J. D. Rimer et al.
Structural mimics for <$O_SCPLOW>L<$C_SCPLOW>-cystine may provide drug treatments for certain types of kidney stones.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/337

Atomic-Level Characterization of the Structural Dynamics of Proteins
D. E. Shaw et al.
Millisecond-scale simulations capture biologically relevant structural transitions during protein folding.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/341

Particle Acceleration on Megaparsec Scales in a Merging Galaxy Cluster
R. J. van Weeren et al.
Observations show that shocks within the intracluster medium are capable of producing extremely energetic cosmic rays.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/347

Discovery of a Frank-Kasper Phase in Sphere-Forming Block Copolymer Melts
S. Lee et al.
An unusual crystalline arrangement seen in some metal alloys has also been formed with phase-separating polymers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/349

Room-Temperature Detection of a Single Molecule’s Absorption by Photothermal Contrast
A. Gaiduk et al.
Single molecules have been detected through the heat they release after absorbing light.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/353

Atmospheric CO₂: Principal Control Knob Governing Earth’s Temperature
A. A. Lacis et al.
Carbon dioxide is the atmospheric greenhouse gas that exerts the most control on Earth’s climate.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/356

The Structure of Iron in Earth’s Inner Core
S. Tateno et al.
Compression experiments indicate that the iron in Earth’s inner core has a hexagonal close-packed structure.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/359

Intravascular Danger Signals Guide Neutrophils to Sites of Sterile Inflammation
B. McDonald et al.
In vivo dynamic imaging reveals the underlying mechanisms of recruitment of neutrophils into injured tissue.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/362

Granulosa Cell Ligand NPPC and Its Receptor NPR2 Maintain Meiotic Arrest in Mouse Oocytes
M. Zhang et al.
A peptide from follicle cells contributes to timing of chromosome segregation in meiosis.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/366

Dom34:Hbs1 Promotes Subunit Dissociation and Peptidyl-tRNA Drop-Off to Initiate No-Go Decay
C. J. Shoemaker et al.
A eukaryotic protein complex helps detect and destroy "aberrant" messenger RNAs stalled on ribosomes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/369

Selection at Linked Sites Shapes Heritable Phenotypic Variation in C. elegans
M. V. Rockman et al.
Genome organization affects the distribution of phenotypic variation in nematode worms more than mutation and selection.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/372

Rapid Construction of Empirical RNA Fitness Landscapes
J. N. Pitt and A. R. Ferré-D’Amaré
Mapping between phenotype and genotype can be resolved by deep sequencing.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/376

Temperature as a Universal Resetting Cue for Mammalian Circadian Oscillators
E. D. Buhr et al.
The master pacemaker in the mammalian brain resists the resetting effect of temperature to provide a universal entraining signal.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/379

Cell Type–Specific Loss of BDNF Signaling Mimics Optogenetic Control of Cocaine Reward
M. K. Lobo et al.
Selective manipulation of neuron subtypes produces opposite effects on behavioral responses to cocaine.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/385

Salmonella Pathogenesis and Processing of Secreted Effectors by Caspase-3
C. V. Srikanth et al.
A food-poisoning pathogen uses a host enzyme to activate its virulence factors.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6002/390

New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/394-a

Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6002/394-b

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