Science Podcast
In this week's show: The distribution of exoplanets, cancer epigenetics, how people detect errors, and more. Listen now.
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In this week's issue:
Editorial
Driving U.S. Energy Leadership
Bruce Alberts
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/559
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6004/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6004/twil.dtl
News of the Week
Campaign for U.K. Science Helps Deflect Budget Ax
Despite warnings to expect funding cuts of 20%, 30%, or even 40%, the U.K. science budget has been fixed for the next 4 years at this year's amount, £4.6 billion ($7.2 billion).
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/568
Liquid Water Found on Mars, But It's Still a Hard Road for Life
Researchers appear to have finally achieved one of the Phoenix lander's primary goals. After digging through piles of data left from the mission to Mars more than 2 years ago, they've discovered signs that liquid water has lately flowed on the frigid planet.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/571-a
From the Science Policy Blog
ScienceInsider reported this week that a battle over a prize in the life sciences that honors Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, president and longtime dictator of Equatorial Guinea, has ended with the effective cancellation of the award, among other stories
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/571-b
Nobelist 'Coach' Takes On U.S. Science Education
Carl Wieman took up the job of associate director for science in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy in September. He sat down with Science on 21 October to discuss the state of science, technology, engineering, and math education and how he became involved.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/572
From Science's Online Daily News Site
ScienceNOW reported this week that a new sensor can detect the explosive triacetone triperoxide, malaria in India is much worse than feared, exercise boosts muscle stem cells, and new clues to the origins of higher primates have been found, among other stories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/573
1000 Genomes Project Gives New Map of Genetic Diversity
The 1000 Genomes Project has produced a compendium of millions of previously unknown single-nucleotide polymorphisms and other variants, described in work published this week. A second analysis in this week's issue of Science describes an approach for determining another aspect of genetic variation that arises when genes and other stretches of DNA are duplicated.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/574
Leaked Documents Provide Bonanza for Researchers
The Pentagon is fuming after last week's release of a huge cache of classified Iraq War data by the organization WikiLeaks. But researchers struggling to build an accurate picture of the death toll in post-invasion Iraq are thrilled.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/575
Random Samples
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6004/r-samples.dtl
News Focus
Epigenetic Drugs Take On Cancer
Armed with nearly $10 million raised by telethons, a research "dream team" hopes to prove that a new approach to cancer therapy can halt solid tumors.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/576
Genes Link Epigenetics and Cancer
Recent reports that genes affecting chromatin structure are mutated in several types of solid tumors could help resolve the conundrum of whether so-called epigenetic changes are a cause or a consequence of disease.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/577
Gene Variants Affect Hepatitis C Treatment, But Link Is Elusive
Genome scans have turned up single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with different responses to treatment, but efforts to uncover the mechanism have drawn a blank.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/579
Data Say Retention Is Better Answer to 'Shortage' Than Recruitment
Most efforts to improve education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics start with recruitment. But working with those teachers already in the classroom may yield a bigger payoff.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/580
What's in a Number?
How far would training 10,000 more science, technology, engineering, and math teachers a year for the next 10 years go toward achieving President Barack Obama's goal of making the country No. 1 in math and science education? No one seems to know.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/581
Going Back to the Future To Understand Climate Change
Several speakers at the meeting used paleontological data to predict the future, drawing on species' behavior during past episodes of climate change to predict how they will fare—and how to help them—as greenhouse gases warm the planet.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/582
Snapshots From the Meeting
Snapshots from the meeting include a clue to how the large, fleet-footed, meat-eating dinosaurs called abelisaurids used their stubby arms and evidence that climatic shifts can have a "kaleidoscopic" effect, breaking up communities of animals that then reassemble in new patterns.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/583-a
When Rodents Marched Into Paris
At the meeting, researchers announced the discovery of some of the world's oldest rodents, an important clue to the mystery of how the first modern mammals spread around the globe, replacing archaic animals and ushering in the age of modern mammals.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/583-b
Letters
Mass Fruiting in Borneo: A Missed Opportunity
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6004/584-a
Asian Water Towers: More on Monsoons
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6004/584-b
Asian Water Towers: More on Monsoons—Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6004/585-a
The Best Test of Ph.D. Student Success
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6004/585-b
The Best Test of Ph.D. Student Success—Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6004/587
Books et al.
Exploiting Entanglement
Jeremy L. O'Brien
Writing for nonspecialists and the interested public and drawing heavily on research by him and his colleagues, Zeilinger discusses quantum entanglement, the development of our understanding of the phenomenon, and its potential technological uses.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/588
Unbounding the Mind
Erik Myin
The contributors examine Clark and Chalmers's claim that the mind is not confined to the head but extends into the world and discuss its implications.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/589
Six-Legged Fun
Maria Cruz
This exhibition introduces the insect diversity of Portugal by guiding visitors through a series of questions that allow them to place sample species in their taxonomic order.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/590-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 22 October 2010.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/590-b
Policy Forum
Sustaining the Data and Bioresource Commons
P. N. Schofield et al.
Globalization of biomedical research requires sustained investment for databases and biorepositories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/592
Perspectives
Innate Lymphoid Cell Relations
M. Veldhoen and D. R. Withers
A common progenitor cell gives rise to distinct lineages of innate lymphoid cells in the gastrointestinal tract.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/594
Caging Carbon Dioxide
Christian Lastoskie
A better understanding of amine-CO2 interactions may be pivotal in functionalizing novel adsorbents for carbon capture.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/595
Forced to Be Unequal
Stephan W. Grill
The distribution of a motor protein generates an unequal contractile force that controls the asymmetric division of eukaryotic cells.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/597
Epigenome Disruptors
M. Hemberger and R. Pedersen
What can stem cells tell us about epigenetic perturbations?
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/598
A Little Chemistry Helps the Big Get Bigger
J. W. Evans and P. A. Thiel
The coarsening of small metal particles can be enhanced when metal atoms are transported between particles as part of larger complexes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/599
The Tao of Chloride Transporter Structure
Joseph A. Mindell
A protein structure from a heat-loving alga offers insight into the diverse family of CLC chloride channels and transporters.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/601
Infection Protection and Natural Selection
L. B. Martin and C. A. C. Coon
On an island off Scotland, variation in sheep immune response imposes fitness costs and benefits.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/602
Georges Charpak (1924–2010)
Yves Quéré
A generous Nobel laureate had a passion for particle detectors and reforming science education.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/604
Brevia
Magnitude of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Leak
T. J. Crone and M. Tolstoy
Modeling videos suggest that around 4.4 million barrels of oil escaped from the broken Deepwater Horizon well.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/634
Research Articles
Structure of a Eukaryotic CLC Transporter Defines an Intermediate State in the Transport Cycle
L. Feng et al.
The structure of a chloride transporter and its regulatory domain provides insight into the ion-exchange mechanism.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/635
Diversity of Human Copy Number Variation and Multicopy Genes
P. H. Sudmant et al.
Specific gene copies can be identified in regions of high copy number variability in the human genome.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/641
Reports
Rate of Gas Phase Association of Hydroxyl Radical and Nitrogen Dioxide
A. K. Mollner et al.
Laboratory measurements of a critical atmospheric rate constant should improve predictions of tropospheric ozone formation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/646
Direct Observation and Quantification of CO2 Binding Within an Amine-Functionalized Nanoporous Solid
R. Vaidhyanathan et al.
Crystallographic resolution of bound carbon dioxide in a porous solid validates methods of theoretically predicting binding behavior.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/650
The Occurrence and Mass Distribution of Close-in Super-Earths, Neptunes, and Jupiters
A. W. Howard et al.
About one-quarter of observed Sun-like stars harbors a close-in terrestrial-mass planet.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/653
Transferable GaN Layers Grown on ZnO-Coated Graphene Layers for Optoelectronic Devices
K. Chung et al.
Graphene can replace sapphire crystals as the substrate for the growth of gallium nitride layers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/655
Large 
13C Gradients in the Preindustrial North Atlantic Revealed
A. Olsen and U. Ninnemann
The preanthropogenic distribution of carbon isotopes in the North Atlantic provides a correct baseline for climate studies.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/658
Early Use of Pressure Flaking on Lithic Artifacts at Blombos Cave, South Africa
V. Mourre et al.
Tools dating to ~75,000 years ago show evidence of pressure flaking, long before the technique became widespread.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/659
Fitness Correlates of Heritable Variation in Antibody Responsiveness in a Wild Mammal
A. L. Graham et al.
In Soay sheep, self-reactive antibodies are indicators of an evolutionary trade-off between survival and reproduction.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/662
Lineage Relationship Analysis of ROR
t+ Innate Lymphoid Cells
S. Sawa et al.
Immune cells develop to preempt intestinal colonization by microbial symbionts.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/665
Filtering of Visual Information in the Tectum by an Identified Neural Circuit
F. Del Bene et al.
A neural circuit in zebrafish is preferentially activated by small visual stimuli, facilitating the capture of prey.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/669
Visualizing Ribosome Biogenesis: Parallel Assembly Pathways for the 30S Subunit
A. M. Mulder et al.
A time-resolved electron microscopy method provides snapshots that reveal the mechanism of ribosome self-assembly.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/673
Polarized Myosin Produces Unequal-Size Daughters During Asymmetric Cell Division
G. Ou et al.
Motor proteins help to produce developmentally distinct daughter cells during development
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/677
A Size Threshold Limits Prion Transmission and Establishes Phenotypic Diversity
A. Derdowski et al.
Yeast prion conformations specify phenotypes by affecting the size distribution of aggregates.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/680
Cognitive Illusions of Authorship Reveal Hierarchical Error Detection in Skilled Typists
G. D. Logan and M. J. C. Crump
One error-detection mechanism monitors the correctness of one’s action, whereas a second mechanism monitors the output.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/683
Evidence for a Collective Intelligence Factor in the Performance of Human Groups
A. W. Woolley et al.
A metric for group performance on a battery of cognitive tasks yields a group intelligence quantity: collective intelligence.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6004/686
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/692-a
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/692-b
AAAS News and Notes
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/607
From the AAAS Office of Publishing and Member Services
LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: Structural Genomics Shapes Up Protein Research
Mike May
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6004/689
AAAS / Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington DC 20005, U.S.A.
