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[2011-01-07]

 
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  Volume 469 Number 7328   
 

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The science that matters. Every week.

 
     
 
 

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 News & Comment    Biological Sciences    Chemical Sciences
 
 Physical Sciences    Earth & Enviromental Sciences    Careers & Jobs
 
 
 

This week's highlights

 
 

Biological Sciences

More Biological sciences
 
Rapid evolutionary innovation during an Archaean genetic expansion
 

The imprints of ancient biogeochemical events are hidden in the modern-day genomes of today's living organisms. Lawrence David and Eric Alm use a new algorithm to extract this information from around 100,000 gene sequences from present-day organisms.

 
 
 

Earth & Environmental Sciences

More Earth & Environmental sciences
 
Geochemical evidence for widespread euxinia in the Later Cambrian ocean
 

Sulphur isotope data from Cambrian rocks at six different locations around the world point to a prolonged period of oxygen shortage in the oceans during the Cambrian, which may help explain the enigmatic fossil record of the period.

 
 
 

Physical Sciences

More Physical sciences
 
A high C/O ratio and weak thermal inversion in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-12b
 

The 'hot Jupiter' WASP-12b has an excess of methane in the atmosphere and not much water vapour, challenging existing theories about the nature of the atmospheres of such exoplanets.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Podcast & Video

 
 

In this weeks podcast: Our predictions for science in 2011, and the chemical bond: fact or fiction?

 
 
 
 
• News & Comment Read daily news coverage top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Chemistry's understated majesty ▶

 
 

The International Year of Chemistry is under way. Chemists should celebrate their discipline's past as the foundation of other fields, and face the future with increasing confidence. Read Editorial ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Legal highs: the dark side of medicinal chemistry ▶

 
 

Synthetic chemist David Nichols describes how his research on psychedelic compounds has been abused — with fatal consequences. Read Column ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Seven days: 31 December-6 January 2011 ▶

 
 

The week in science Read Seven Days ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

US science faces big chill ▶

 
 

Spending cuts and political battles loom on the horizon. Read News ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Going out on a high ▶

 
 

Bart Gordon reflects on his career at the sharp end of science politics. Read News ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Chávez squeezes scientific freedom ▶

 
 

A string of new laws and a presidential power grab unsettle researchers in Venezuela. Read News ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

New year, new science ▶

 
 

Nature looks at key findings and events that could emerge from the research world in 2011. Read News ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

IceCube completed ▶

 
 

A neutrino observatory encased in ice at the South Pole could spot new physics. Read News ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Chemistry: The trials of new carbon ▶

 
 

Researchers have spent 25 years exploring the remarkable properties of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene. But commercializing them is neither quick nor easy. Read Feature ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Chemistry: It's not easy being green ▶

 
 

In the past two decades, the green-chemistry movement has helped industry become much cleaner. But mindsets change slowly, and the revolution still has a long way to go. Read Feature ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Let's get practical ▶

 
 

Chemistry needs an overhaul if it is to solve big global problems and advance fundamental understanding, say George M. Whitesides and John Deutch. Read Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

What lies ahead ▶

 
 

Ten leading chemists set priorities for the forthcoming decades, and reveal the scientists they find inspiring. Read Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Beyond the bond ▶

 
 

More than ever before, new techniques show the bond to be a convenient fiction, albeit one that holds the field of chemistry together, finds Philip Ball. Read Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

History: Radioactive romance ▶

 
 

Giovanni Frazzetto is captivated by an illustrated biography of Marie and Pierre Curie. Read Books and Arts ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

In retrospect: The Sceptical Chymist ▶

 
 

Robert Boyle's widely misunderstood book elevated the status of chemistry, explains Lawrence Principe. Read Books and Arts ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Books in brief ▶

 
 

Read Books and Arts ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Palaeontology: In the bones ▶

 
 

Jan Zalasiewicz enjoys a romp through vertebrate evolution and its eccentric scholars. Read Books and Arts ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Dance: Rhythm and reason ▶

 
 

Nicola Jones witnesses a meeting of dance and ecology. Read Books and Arts ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Non-English papers decrease rankings ▶

 
 

Ton van Raan, Thed van Leeuwen & Martijn Visser Read Correspondence ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Citation bubble about to burst? ▶

 
 

Jürgen Schmidhuber Read Correspondence ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Measuring impact of research on society ▶

 
 

Thomas Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas Dorner & Manfred Maier Read Correspondence ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

How will growing cities eat? ▶

 
 

John R. Porter, Lisa Deutsch, David Dumaresq & Rob Dyball Read Correspondence ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Frank Fenner (1914–2010) ▶

 
 

A guiding light of the campaign to eradicate smallpox. Read Obituary ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Naturejobs  
 
 

DIRECTOR: SOUTH AFRICAN ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY

SAAO is the primary facility for optical/infrared astronomy in Africa, and is operated by the National Research Foundation of South Africa. It has a staff of about 120, divided between the headquarters in Cape Town, and the observing facilities at Sutherland in the Northern Cape. For more information see http://www.saao.ac.za/

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Biological Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Reversing EphB2 depletion rescues cognitive functions in Alzheimer model ▶

 
 

Moustapha Cissé, Brian Halabisky, Julie Harris, Nino Devidze, Dena B. Dubal et al.

 
 

Amyloid-β oligomers may cause cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s di... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

A selective role for dopamine in stimulus–reward learning ▶

 
 

Shelly B. Flagel, Jeremy J. Clark, Terry E. Robinson, Leah Mayo, Alayna Czuj et al.

 
 

Individuals make choices and prioritize goals using complex processes that assig... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Fungal lipochitooligosaccharide symbiotic signals in arbuscular mycorrhiza ▶

 
 

Fabienne Maillet, Véréna Poinsot, Olivier André, Virginie Puech-Pagès, Alexandra Haouy et al.

 
 

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a root endosymbiosis between plants and glomeromyc... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Sensing the anomeric effect in a solvent-free environment ▶

 
 

Emilio J. Cocinero, Pierre Çarçabal, Timothy D. Vaden, John P. Simons & Benjamin G. Davis

 
 

The anomeric effect is a chemical phenomenon that refers to an observed stabiliz... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Competition and phylogeny determine community structure in Müllerian co-mimics ▶

 
 

Markos A. Alexandrou, Claudio Oliveira, Marjorie Maillard, Rona A. R. McGill, Jason Newton et al.

 
 

Until recently, the study of negative and antagonistic interactions (for example... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Rapid evolutionary innovation during an Archaean genetic expansion ▶

 
 

Lawrence A. David & Eric J. Alm

 
 

The natural history of Precambrian life is still unknown because of the rarity o... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Formation, regulation and evolution of Caenorhabditis elegans 3′UTRs ▶

 
 

Calvin H. Jan, Robin C. Friedman, J. Graham Ruby & David P. Bartel

 
 

Post-transcriptional gene regulation frequently occurs through elements in mRNA ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Telomerase reactivation reverses tissue degeneration in aged telomerase-deficient mice ▶

 
 

Mariela Jaskelioff, Florian L. Muller, Ji-Hye Paik, Emily Thomas, Shan Jiang et al.

 
 

An ageing world population has fuelled interest in regenerative remedies that ma... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

The assembly of a GTPase–kinase signalling complex by a bacterial catalytic scaffold ▶

 
 

Andrey S. Selyunin, Sarah E. Sutton, Bethany A. Weigele, L. Evan Reddick, Robert C. Orchard et al.

 
 

The fidelity and specificity of information flow within a cell is controlled by ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

CENP-B preserves genome integrity at replication forks paused by retrotransposon LTR ▶

 
 

Mikel Zaratiegui, Matthew W. Vaughn, Danielle V. Irvine, Derek Goto, Stephen Watt et al.

 
 

Centromere-binding protein B (CENP-B) is a widely conserved DNA binding factor a... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Taxadiene synthase structure and evolution of modular architecture in terpene biosynthesis ▶

 
 

Mustafa Köksal, Yinghua Jin, Robert M. Coates, Rodney Croteau & David W. Christianson

 
 

With more than 55,000 members identified so far in all forms of life, the family... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Leadership, social capital and incentives promote successful fisheries ▶

 
 

Nicolás L. Gutiérrez, Ray Hilborn & Omar Defeo

 
 

One billion people depend on seafood as their primary source of protein and 25% ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation antagonises recruitment of the Mbd3/NuRD repressor complex ▶

 
 

Cristina Aguilera, Kentaro Nakagawa, Rocio Sancho, Atanu Chakraborty, Brian Hendrich et al.

 
 

AP-1 (activator protein 1) activity is strongly induced in response to numerous ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Ependymal cells of chordate larvae are stem-like cells that form the adult nervous system ▶

 
 

Takeo Horie, Ryoko Shinki, Yosuke Ogura, Takehiro G. Kusakabe, Nori Satoh et al.

 
 

In ascidian tunicates, the metamorphic transition from larva to adult is accompa... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Hydrostatic pressure and the actomyosin cortex drive mitotic cell rounding ▶

 
 

Martin P. Stewart, Jonne Helenius, Yusuke Toyoda, Subramanian P. Ramanathan, Daniel J. Muller et al.

 
 

During mitosis, adherent animal cells undergo a drastic shape change, from essen... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Experimental niche evolution alters the strength of the diversity–productivity relationship ▶

 
 

Dominique Gravel, Thomas Bell, Claire Barbera, Thierry Bouvier, Thomas Pommier et al.

 
 

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) has become... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Evolutionary biology: Catfish mimics ▶

 
 

James Mallet & Kanchon Dasmahapatra

 
 

Mutualism can be a double-edged sword if the animals concerned also compete for ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Alzheimer's disease: Recollection of lost memories ▶

 
 

Robert C. Malenka & Roberto Malinow

 
 

With age comes wisdom, or so they say. The reality is that, with age, the abilit... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

What lies ahead ▶

 
 

Ten leading chemists set priorities for the forthcoming decades, and reveal the scientists they find inspiring. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Books in brief ▶

 
 

 Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Palaeontology: In the bones ▶

 
 

Jan Zalasiewicz enjoys a romp through vertebrate evolution and its eccentric scholars. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Dance: Rhythm and reason ▶

 
 

Nicola Jones witnesses a meeting of dance and ecology. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

How will growing cities eat? ▶

 
 

 John R. Porter, Lisa Deutsch, David Dumaresq & Rob Dyball Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Frank Fenner (1914–2010) ▶

 
 

A guiding light of the campaign to eradicate smallpox. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

More News & Comment on Biological Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 

The Gel Doc™ EZ imager from Bio-Rad delivers high-quality gel images and analysis with ease and accuracy. Simply slide in the sample tray, press a single button, and you'll get publication-ready images in just seconds. Its compact size also frees up bench space. Click here to learn more.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Chemical Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Fungal lipochitooligosaccharide symbiotic signals in arbuscular mycorrhiza ▶

 
 

Fabienne Maillet, Véréna Poinsot, Olivier André, Virginie Puech-Pagès, Alexandra Haouy et al.

 
 

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a root endosymbiosis between plants and glomeromyc... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Vernier templating and synthesis of a 12-porphyrin nano-ring ▶

 
 

Melanie C. O’Sullivan, Johannes K. Sprafke, Dmitry V. Kondratuk, Corentin Rinfray, Timothy D. W. Claridge et al.

 
 

Templates are widely used to arrange molecular components so they can be covalen... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Sensing the anomeric effect in a solvent-free environment ▶

 
 

Emilio J. Cocinero, Pierre Çarçabal, Timothy D. Vaden, John P. Simons & Benjamin G. Davis

 
 

The anomeric effect is a chemical phenomenon that refers to an observed stabiliz... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

CENP-B preserves genome integrity at replication forks paused by retrotransposon LTR ▶

 
 

Mikel Zaratiegui, Matthew W. Vaughn, Danielle V. Irvine, Derek Goto, Stephen Watt et al.

 
 

Centromere-binding protein B (CENP-B) is a widely conserved DNA binding factor a... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Taxadiene synthase structure and evolution of modular architecture in terpene biosynthesis ▶

 
 

Mustafa Köksal, Yinghua Jin, Robert M. Coates, Rodney Croteau & David W. Christianson

 
 

With more than 55,000 members identified so far in all forms of life, the family... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Supramolecular chemistry: Bigger and better synthesis ▶

 
 

Christopher Hunter

 
 

Nature constructs macromolecules with a precision that chemists have struggled t... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Molecular computing: DNA as a logic operator ▶

 
 

Thomas Carell

 
 

Computers use transistor-based logic gates as the basis of their functions, but ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Chemistry's understated majesty ▶

 
 

The International Year of Chemistry is under way. Chemists should celebrate their discipline's past as the foundation of other fields, and face the future with increasing confidence. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Let's get practical ▶

 
 

Chemistry needs an overhaul if it is to solve big global problems and advance fundamental understanding, say George M. Whitesides and John Deutch. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

What lies ahead ▶

 
 

Ten leading chemists set priorities for the forthcoming decades, and reveal the scientists they find inspiring. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Beyond the bond ▶

 
 

More than ever before, new techniques show the bond to be a convenient fiction, albeit one that holds the field of chemistry together, finds Philip Ball. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

History: Radioactive romance ▶

 
 

Giovanni Frazzetto is captivated by an illustrated biography of Marie and Pierre Curie. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

In retrospect: The Sceptical Chymist ▶

 
 

Robert Boyle's widely misunderstood book elevated the status of chemistry, explains Lawrence Principe. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Books in brief ▶

 
 

 Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

More News & Comment on Chemical Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Physical Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A high C/O ratio and weak thermal inversion in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-12b ▶

 
 

Nikku Madhusudhan, Joseph Harrington, Kevin B. Stevenson, Sarah Nymeyer, Christopher J. Campo et al.

 
 

The carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) in a planet provides critical information about... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Evidence for a spin-aligned neutron–proton paired phase from the level structure of 92Pd ▶

 
 

B. Cederwall, F. Ghazi Moradi, T. Bäck, A. Johnson, J. Blomqvist et al.

 
 

Shell structure and magic numbers in atomic nuclei were generally explained by p... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Grains and grain boundaries in single-layer graphene atomic patchwork quilts ▶

 
 

Pinshane Y. Huang, Carlos S. Ruiz-Vargas, Arend M. van der Zande, William S. Whitney, Mark P. Levendorf et al.

 
 

The properties of polycrystalline materials are often dominated by the size of t... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Quantum photonics: Entangled photons on a chip ▶

 
 

Mirko Lobino & Jeremy L. O'Brien

 
 

Using photonic chips to control single photons in waveguides is a promising rout... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Molecular computing: DNA as a logic operator ▶

 
 

Thomas Carell

 
 

Computers use transistor-based logic gates as the basis of their functions, but ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

What lies ahead ▶

 
 

Ten leading chemists set priorities for the forthcoming decades, and reveal the scientists they find inspiring. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Beyond the bond ▶

 
 

More than ever before, new techniques show the bond to be a convenient fiction, albeit one that holds the field of chemistry together, finds Philip Ball. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

History: Radioactive romance ▶

 
 

Giovanni Frazzetto is captivated by an illustrated biography of Marie and Pierre Curie. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Books in brief ▶

 
 

 Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

More News & Comment on Physical Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• Earth & Environmental Sciences top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A high C/O ratio and weak thermal inversion in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-12b ▶

 
 

Nikku Madhusudhan, Joseph Harrington, Kevin B. Stevenson, Sarah Nymeyer, Christopher J. Campo et al.

 
 

The carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) in a planet provides critical information about... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Geochemical evidence for widespread euxinia in the Later Cambrian ocean ▶

 
 

Benjamin C. Gill, Timothy W. Lyons, Seth A. Young, Lee R. Kump, Andrew H. Knoll et al.

 
 

Widespread anoxia in the ocean is frequently invoked as a primary driver of mass... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Leadership, social capital and incentives promote successful fisheries ▶

 
 

Nicolás L. Gutiérrez, Ray Hilborn & Omar Defeo

 
 

One billion people depend on seafood as their primary source of protein and 25% ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Experimental niche evolution alters the strength of the diversity–productivity relationship ▶

 
 

Dominique Gravel, Thomas Bell, Claire Barbera, Thierry Bouvier, Thomas Pommier et al.

 
 

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) has become... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Environmental dynamics: Simplicity versus complexity ▶

 
 

Chris Paola & Mike Leeder

 
 

Many scientists now use the power of computer models to advance their subjects. ... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Biogeochemistry: Toxic Cambrian oceans ▶

 
 

Graham Shields-Zhou

 
 

Isotopic evidence from carbon and sulphur points to the spread of anoxia and tox... Read Research ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

More News & Comment on Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Nature Special: International Year of Chemistry

With 2011 designated as the International Year of Chemistry, it’s time for the ‘central science’ to take a bow — and the Nature journals are joining in the applause. Regularly updated throughout 2011, this special collects together highlights of our in-depth news and comment, together with cutting-edge science from the world of molecules.

Access the Special online.

 
 
 
 
 
 
• Careers & Jobs top
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Career paths: Where are they now? ▶

 
 

Despite obstacles, many of those who kept Naturejobs postdoc and graduate journals in the past six years have been successful — but not always in ways they had anticipated. Read Careers ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Chávez squeezes scientific freedom ▶

 
 

A string of new laws and a presidential power grab unsettle researchers in Venezuela. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

New year, new science ▶

 
 

Nature looks at key findings and events that could emerge from the research world in 2011. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Let's get practical ▶

 
 

Chemistry needs an overhaul if it is to solve big global problems and advance fundamental understanding, say George M. Whitesides and John Deutch. Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Non-English papers decrease rankings ▶

 
 

Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Citation bubble about to burst? ▶

 
 

Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
     
 
 
 

Measuring impact of research on society ▶

 
 

Read News and Comment ▶

 
 
 
 

naturejobs.com

naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week

 
 
 

Postdoctoral Scientist

 
 

University of Oxford, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology Oxford, UK, OX3 7DQ

 
 
 
 
 

Research Assistant / Associate in Statistical Genetics

 
 

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern) (UTSW) Dallas

 
 
 
 
 

Postdoctoral fellow

 
 

National University Singapore Singapore

 
 
 
 
 

Postdoctoral Associate

 
 

State University of New York (SUNY)-Downstate Medical Center New York City, New York, USA

 
 
 
 

No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter.

 
 
 
 
  Nature events featured events  
 
 
 
 

natureevents.com - The premier science events website

natureevents featured events

 
 
 
 

MEGA 2011: Effective Methods in Algebraic Geometry - ESF-EMS-ERCOM/IML Conference

 
 

30.05-03.06.11 Stockholm, SE

 
 
 
 

Nature events is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.

 
 
 
 
     
 

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