VideoLab: Reconstructed Ammonite Jaw
Three-dimensional reconstructions shed light on the feeding habits of a group of abundant marine invertebrates that went extinct about 65 million years ago. See the related Report by Kruta et al. in this week's issue.
Science Podcast
In this week's show: The top scientific breakthrough of 2010 and some of the big ideas of the past decade. Listen now.
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In this week's issue:
Editorial
A New College Science Prize
Bruce Alberts
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/10
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6013/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6013/twil.dtl
News of the Week
The Battle Over the 2011 Budget: What's at Stake for Research
How will Congress play the 2011 budget card? The answer could shape U.S. science for years to come.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/14
ESF Moves Toward Rebirth, But Change Worries Some
After 37 years of funding researchers, organizing collaborations, and convening meetings across the continent, the European Science Foundation is expected to transform into a lobbying and strategy organization this year.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/16
Studies Point to Possible Contamination in XMRV Findings
Four papers have appeared in Retrovirology suggesting that previous reports linking the virus XMRV to chronic fatigue syndrome were based on false positives.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/17
A Slimy Invader Blooms in the Rivers of Patagonia
In 2010, to the dismay of naturalists and Chile's tourism industry, the alga Didymosphenia geminata gained a foothold in Patagonia. Officials in Chile have launched a massive effort to halt it, but its propagation may be unstoppable.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/18
From Science's Online Daily News Site
ScienceNOW reported recently that young mollusks maturing in slightly warmer and more acidic seawater can't calcify their shells, the "placebo effect" may work even if patients know they are taking fake pills, people rely on the eyes to judge whether a face has a mind behind it, and DNA from an ancient finger bone has confirmed the discovery of a new type of human, among other stories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/19-a
From the Science Policy Blog
ScienceInsider reported last week that Brazil will pay more than 
250 million over a decade to join the European Southern Observatory, becoming the first member from outside Europe, among other stories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/19-b
Random Samples
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol331/issue6013/r-samples.dtl
News Focus
Was North Africa the Launch Pad for Modern Human Migrations?
A growing number of researchers suspect that long-neglected North Africa was the original home of the modern humans who first trekked out of the continent.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/20
The Power of One
Rather than probe masses of cells all at once, scientists are now applying new research techniques to individual cells.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/24-a
Single-Cell Tech Primer
Microfluidics, gene expression, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry are enabling researchers to delve into individual cells.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/24-b
Meeting for Peer Review at a Resort That's Virtually Free
More than 19,000 scientists travel to NSF headquarters each year to take part in grant evaluation panels. Could their avatars do the job as well?
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/27
Letters
Fight for Yasuni Far from Finished
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6013/29-a
Publish and Flourish
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6013/29-b
Indian Science: Steps to Excellence
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6013/29-c
Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6013/30-a
Culture and Biodiversity Losses Linked
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6013/30-b
Culture and Biodiversity Losses Linked—Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/331/6013/31
Books et al.
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Brenner
Ronald H. A. Plasterk
This first biography of Brenner draws on its subject's personal recollections as well as correspondence and interviews with his friends and colleagues.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/32
Commerce at the Helm?
Steven Shapin
The contributors offer a philosophical perspective on "the current large-scale economic shaping of academic scientific research."
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/33-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 31 December 2010.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/33-b
Policy Forum
Bad Science Used to Support Torture and Human Experimentation
V. Iacopino et al.
Despite prior U.S. recognition of "enhanced interrogation" techniques as torture, science was misrepresented to support their use.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/34
Perspectives
When Vernalization Makes Sense
F. Turck and G. Coupland
A noncoding RNA molecule is required for plants to become competent to flower after a period of cold.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/36
The Feeding Habits of Ammonites
Kazushige Tanabe
Synchrotron x-ray observations of ammonite fossils reveal the diet of Cretaceous organisms.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/37
Getting a Better Estimate of an Atmospheric Radical
I. S. A. Isaksen and S. B. Dalsøren
Better measures of how global levels of OH vary from year to year will improve climate science.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/38
Formin Tip Tracking
Thomas D. Pollard
A simple protein machine tracks the tip of a growing actin filament.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/39
More Intense, Shorter Pulses
G. Mourou and T. Tajima
Large-scale laser facilities may also provide the ultimate source of ultrashort laser pulses.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/41
The Chlorine Dilemma
D. L. Sedlak and U. von Gunten
Chlorination of drinking water and municipal wastewater can create toxic chemical by-products, but alternatives pose their own set of hazards.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/42
Review Articles
Innate or Adaptive Immunity? The Example of Natural Killer Cells
E. Vivier et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/44
Brevia
Freshwater Methane Emissions Offset the Continental Carbon Sink
D. Bastviken et al.
Inland freshwaters, which include lakes, reservoirs, streams, and rivers, may emit far more methane than previously thought.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/50
Research Articles
Biscrolling Nanotube Sheets and Functional Guests into Yarns
M. D. Lima et al.
Carbon nanotube sheets can support very large fractions of a second material, such as a superconductor or a catalyst.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/51
Reports
The Origins of Hot Plasma in the Solar Corona
B. De Pontieu et al.
The solar corona is heated by jets of plasma propelled upward from the region immediately above the Sun’s surface.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/55
Universal Quantum Viscosity in a Unitary Fermi Gas
C. Cao et al.
Viscosity studies of an ultracold gas of 6Li atoms in two temperature regimes enable comparison with a string theory limit.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/58
Time-Resolved Holography with Photoelectrons
Y. Huismans et al.
The intefererence pattern produced by photoelectrons provides holographic snapshots of the photoionization process.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/61
Spin Crossover in Ferropericlase at High Pressure: A Seismologically Transparent Transition?
D. Antonangeli et al.
An iron spin transition has no effect on the seismologic properties of lower-mantle minerals.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/64
Small Interannual Variability of Global Atmospheric Hydroxyl
S. A. Montzka et al.
The abundance of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical is well buffered against perturbations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/67
The Role of Ammonites in the Mesozoic Marine Food Web Revealed by Jaw Preservation
I. Kruta et al.
Analysis of x-ray microtomographic reconstructions of ammonite fossils reveal their feeding habits.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/70
Developmental Plasticity in Sexual Roles of Butterfly Species Drives Mutual Sexual Ornamentation
K. L. Prudic et al.
A butterfly switches sexual signaling and mate preferences depending on environmental temperatures during development.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/73
Vernalization-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing by a Long Intronic Noncoding RNA
J. B. Heo and S. Sung
Spring flowering enabled by a winter chill is regulated by interplay between protein-coding and noncoding RNA transcripts.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/76
Rotational Movement of the Formin mDia1 Along the Double Helical Strand of an Actin Filament
H. Mizuno et al.
Visualization of formin protein rotating along an actin filament gives insight into how it promotes actin assembly.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/80
Spontaneous Cortical Activity Reveals Hallmarks of an Optimal Internal Model of the Environment
P. Berkes et al.
Internal models of the environment optimize as the brain develops.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/83
Electrical Synapses Control Hippocampal Contributions to Fear Learning and Memory
S. Bissiere et al.
Neuronal gap-junction channels containing connexin 36 proteins participate in consolidation of fear memories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/87
Structure of Precursor-Bound NifEN: A Nitrogenase FeMo Cofactor Maturase/Insertase
J. T. Kaiser et al.
A metalloprotein structure involved in nitrogen fixation offers insight into metal-cluster insertion in nitrogenase.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/331/6013/91
Departments
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/98-a
Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/98-b
From the AAAS Office of Publishing and Member Services
LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: Glycoproteomics: The Sweet Smell Of We're-Getting-There
Jeffrey M. Perkel
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/331/6013/95
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