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Science, 5 November 2010 (Volume 330, Issue 6005) Special Issue: Glia http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6005/index.dtl?etoc Also online at Science:: Science Express -- selected papers published in advance of print ScienceNOW -- daily postings from Science's award-winning news team Science Signaling -- online cell signaling journal and knowledge environment Science Careers -- job postings and career advice for scientists

In this week's issue:

Lifebelt for UK Science
Martin Rees
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/731

This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6005/twis.dtl

Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6005/twil.dtl

Haiti's Outbreak Is Latest in Cholera's New Global Assault
Haitian protesters blamed peacekeepers from Nepal after a deadly surprise outbreak of cholera began in Haiti 2 weeks ago, but on Monday, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced that DNA fingerprinting of the microbes from 13 patients had shown that it was most similar to strains from South Asia.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/738

Questions From China Snag U.S. Trial of Nerve-Rerouting Procedure
A running 5-year medical brawl in China has spilled over into Michigan, where it has delayed a clinical trial about to enroll patients. The trial aims to surgically reroute the nerves of spina bifida patients to give them control of their bladder.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/741

U.N. Biodiversity Summit Yields Welcome and Unexpected Progress
At a marathon closing plenary session, the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity agreed to an ambitious plan to halt the loss of biodiversity, an agreement to combat biopiracy, a scheme to increase conservation funding, and a raft of related policy statements.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/742

From the Science Policy Blog
ScienceInsider reported this week that attorneys filed more paperwork last week in two federal courts regarding the legality of human embryonic stem cell guidelines set by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, among other stories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/743

Slew of Landslides Unmask Hidden Geological Hazards
On 7 August, heavy rains in the mountains north of Zhouqu, in western China's Gansu Province, unleashed a torrent of mud, boulders, and rubble, most of which, researchers believe, had been deposited in two gullies north of town by landslides and rockfalls after a big earthquake in 1879. The findings suggested that debris flows could strike more than 100 years after a major quake.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/744

From Science's Online Daily News Site
ScienceNOW reported this week that "snowball Earths" may have triggered animal evolution, a newly discovered monkey species is already critically endangered, hellish "super-Earths" may abound in the Milky Way, and bacteria that inhabit fruit flies help sway their choice of partners, among other stories.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/745

Supercomputer Leaves Competition—And Users—in the Dust
China's new supercomputer, Tianhe-1A, is also the world's fastest, but the number of users able to tap even a thimbleful of the machine's power is surely minuscule.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/746-a

Amicus Brief Unfriendly to Gene Patents
The U.S. Justice Department surprised many last week with a sweeping new proposal arguing that "genomic DNA that has merely been isolated from the body without further alteration or manipulation" should not be eligible for patenting.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/746-b

China's Brain Mappers Zoom In on Neural Connections
A research team in China has created the most detailed three-dimensional map yet of all the connections between the neurons in a complete mouse brain. The project was unveiled online this week in Science.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/747

Random Samples
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol330/issue6005/r-samples.dtl

Panning for Science
A new technology for creating and viewing stunningly high-resolution panoramic images is becoming a powerful research tool.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/748

Out of the Mist
Water-starved communities are betting that a fog-harvesting forest will one day quench their thirst.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/750

Using Old Insects to Sleuth Out New Clues to Ancient Cultures
From Moche burials in Peru to trash dumps in Akhenaten's Egypt, traces of insects are revealing ancient human societies and behavior.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/752-a

The Hazy Details of Early Earth's Atmosphere
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6005/754-a

The Hazy Details of Early Earth's Atmosphere—Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6005/754-b

The Hazy Details of Early Earth's Atmosphere—Response
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6005/755

Funding for Chinese Collaboration
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6005/756-a

Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/330/6005/756-b

Seeing Through Incapacities
Christof Koch
In his latest collection of brain-gone-wrong stories, Sacks also recounts his experiences dealing with his own ocular melanoma.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/757

An RNA Whirl
Irene A. Chen
Writing for nonbiologists, Yarus focuses on developments between the origin of rudimentary life on Earth and the appearance of more complex organisms.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/758-a

Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 29 October 2010.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/758-b

Open mHealth Architecture: An Engine for Health Care Innovation
D. Estrin and I. Sim
Standardized interfaces and shared components are critical for realizing the potential of mobile-device–enabled health care delivery and research.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/759

Awakening Immunity
H. Schreiber and D. A. Rowley
The elimination of specific stromal cells allows the immune system to suppress the growth of solid malignant tumors.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/761

Antimatter Atomic Physics
H. R. J. Walters
Positronium, the atom formed from an electron and a positron, is a gateway to very cold antihydrogen atoms and possibly a -ray laser.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/762

Increased Atmospheric CO₂ During the Middle Eocene
Paul N. Pearson
An ocean drill core confirms a dramatic rise in CO₂ levels 40 million years ago, just as the Himalayas grew.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/763

A New Viewpoint on Faces
Charles E. Connor
Part of the brain's visual hierarchy appears to be specialized for recognizing faces from any viewpoint.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/764

Targeting Bacteria to Improve Cancer Therapy
A. G. Patel and S. H. Kaufmann
Inhibiting an enzyme expressed by microbes in the human intestinal tract prevents an important toxic side effect of an anticancer drug.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/766

Pollen Gets More Complex
E. Indriolo and D. R. Goring
In Petunia, collaboration among pollen genes enables cross-fertilization and prevents self-fertilization.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/767

Change in the Brain's White Matter
R. Douglas Fields
The role of the brain's white matter in active learning and memory may be underestimated.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/768

Electron-Like Scattering of Positronium
S. J. Brawley et al.
The atom formed from an electron and positron interacts with molecules almost as if it were a free electron.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/789

Channel-Mediated Tonic GABA Release from Glia
S. Lee et al.
The neurotransmitter GABA is tonically released from cells through an anion channel with an unusually large pore.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/790

Collaborative Non-Self Recognition System in S-RNase–Based Self-Incompatibility
K.-i. Kubo et al.
A highly diverse set of (male) pollen-determinant proteins in Petunia recognizes non-self (female) pistil determinants.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/796

The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly Lensed Galaxies
M. Negrello et al.
Data from the Herschel Space Observatory unveils distant, dusty galaxies invisible to optical telescopes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/800

The Effective Fine-Structure Constant of Freestanding Graphene Measured in Graphite
J. P. Reed et al.
Spectral analysis of graphite reveals an unexpectedly low influence of electron interactions in graphene.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/805

Large-Area Three-Dimensional Molecular Ordering of a Polymer Brush by One-Step Processing
N. Hosono et al.
The main and side chains of a polymer align in different directions when heated and pressed between Teflon plates.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/808

Broken-Symmetry States in Doubly Gated Suspended Bilayer Graphene
R. T. Weitz et al.
Ferromagnetic quantum Hall states were observed in suspended bilayer graphene samples in both zero and high magnetic fields.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/812

Efficient Atmospheric Cleansing of Oxidized Organic Trace Gases by Vegetation
T. Karl et al.
Deciduous trees enzymatically remove oxygenated volatile organic compounds from the atmosphere.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/816

Transient Middle Eocene Atmospheric CO₂ and Temperature Variations
P. K. Bijl et al.
Elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide played a major role in a global warming event during the Middle Eocene.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/819

Intestinal Stem Cell Replacement Follows a Pattern of Neutral Drift
C. Lopez-Garcia et al.
Intestinal stem cells form an equipotent population where loss of a stem cell is compensated for by multiplication of a neighbor.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/822

Mutational Robustness of Ribosomal Protein Genes
P. A. Lind et al.
The distribution of the fitness effects of silent mutations is not different from that of amino acid–altering mutations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/825

Suppression of Antitumor Immunity by Stromal Cells Expressing Fibroblast Activation Protein–
M. Kraman et al.
Tumor connective-tissue cells of mesenchymal origin suppress antitumor immune responses.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/827

Alleviating Cancer Drug Toxicity by Inhibiting a Bacterial Enzyme
B. D. Wallace et al.
Targeting an enzyme in human microbial symbiotes might prevent a chemotherapeutic side effect.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/831

The Mechanism for Activation of GTP Hydrolysis on the Ribosome
R. M. Voorhees et al.
The ribosome stabilizes the active conformation of the guanosine triphosphatase elongation factor Tu to facilitate delivery of transfer RNA.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/835

Evolution of Yeast Noncoding RNAs Reveals an Alternative Mechanism for Widespread Intron Loss
Q. M. Mitrovich et al.
Introns of noncoding genes can be lost by splice-site degeneration.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/838

Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
F. Ginhoux et al.
The developmental origins of adult microglia are revealed.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/841

Functional Compartmentalization and Viewpoint Generalization Within the Macaque Face-Processing System
W. A. Freiwald and D. Y. Tsao
Recognition of faces from different viewpoints involves several distinct stages of neural processing.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/330/6005/845

Why Do Scientists Dance?
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/752-b

New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/856-a

Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/856-b

LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: EBB AND FLOW: Cytometry For The Next Generation
Jeffrey M. Perkel
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/330/6005/853

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