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Science, 22 June 2012 (Volume 336, Issue 6088) http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol336/issue6088/index.dtl?etoc Also online at Science:: Science Express -- selected papers published in advance of print Daily News -- daily postings from Science's award-winning news team Science Signaling -- online cell signaling journal and knowledge environment Science Careers -- job postings and career advice for scientists Science Translational Medicine -- integrating medicine and science Recommend to Your Library

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What the Doctor May Not Be Telling You Revenge of the Vampire Bats Bonobos Join Chimps as Closest Human Relatives Legislating Sea Level Rise

In this week's issue:

Research Summaries

This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol336/issue6088/twis.dtl

Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol336/issue6088/twil.dtl

Universities, Key to Prosperity
Charles O. Holliday
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1482

This Week's Section

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1486-a

Around the World

In science news around the world this week, North Carolina voted to require that predictions of future sea level rise be based on linear rates of increase, a U.K. panel backed open access to research publications, Australia will create the world's largest network of marine reserves, Bahrain has sentenced 20 medics accused of fomenting revolution, a Senate panel has given NIH a $100 million boost for 2013, and an NRC committee has found that fracking is triggering earthquakes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1486-b

Random Sample

The United States is back at the top of the supercomputing list. A cleanup of the archives of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency yielded hand-typed correspondence between JTA's founder, Jacob Landau, and Albert Einstein. And this week's numbers quantify the weight of the world's adult human population, funding needed by U.S. research universities to remain the best in the world, and the cash award for the Wellcome Trust Screenwriting Prize.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1487-a

Newsmakers

This week's Newsmakers are MIT neurobiologist Edward Boyden, who received the inaugural A. F. Harvey Engineering Research Prize, and Matthias Mann of the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, who has won the 2012 Körber European Science Prize.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1487-b

Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol336/issue6088/findings.dtl

Young Researchers Deserve More Support, Reviews Say
Michael Price
Two new reports say that doctoral students need better mentoring in order for research universities to produce the right mix of skilled workers the nation needs.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1489

Action Urged to Curb Racial Bias in NIH Grants
Michael Price
To counter a racial tilt in the funding of basic research grants, the National Institutes of Health should launch a "continuous" review and take remedial steps against bias, a working group says.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1490

Panel Says More Money, Fewer Rules Are Best Ways to Stay Ahead of Pack
Jeffrey Mervis
A new report repeats what the U.S. higher education establishment has said for years: Research universities are powerful engines of innovation for the U.S. economy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1491

NASA's New X-ray Satellite Packs Compact Power
Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
A new space telescope launched by NASA last week called NuSTAR could help astronomers determine what happens to matter swirling around a black hole and answer a host of other questions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1492

Second Bacterium Theory Stirs Haiti's Cholera Controversy
Kai Kupferschmidt
A just-published study is set to reignite the politically sensitive debate about the origins of the cholera epidemic that has killed some 7000 people in Haiti and sickened another half-million since 2010.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1493

Public at Last, H5N1 Study Offers Insight Into Virus's Possible Path to Pandemic
Martin Enserink
This week, a paper describing how a few mutations might give the H5N1 avian influenza virus the potential to touch off a human flu pandemic appears after more than 8 months of international debate.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1494

For Young Scientists, A Wild Ride
Martin Enserink
The experimental work on the two controversial H5N1 studies known as the Kawaoka and Fouchier papers was done by younger researchers who have remained invisible during the past 8 months.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1495

How Much Longer Will Moratorium Last?
David Malakoff
No one is sure when the landmark self-imposed moratorium on certain experiments on the H5N1 avian influenza virus agreed to by influenza researchers earlier this year will be lifted.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1496

Hang On! Curiosity Is Plunging Onto Mars
Richard A. Kerr
The performance this August of a brand-new system for landing on Mars means life or death for NASA's next rover mission, but future Mars exploration hangs on a perfect touchdown as well.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1498

Could a Whiff of Methane Revive The Exploration of Mars?
Richard A. Kerr
The controversy over claimed detections of martian methane-a possible product of life on Mars-could be settled come August once the Curiosity rover arrives at the Red Planet.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1500

Community Colleges: Veterans' Best Bet
Richard Murphy
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1504-a

An Eye Toward Iodine in China
G. Robert Delong
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1504-b

Chile's Research Planning Aims High
Jose M. Aguilera
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1505

Corrections and Clarifications

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1506-a

Comment on "Seroevidence for H5N1 Influenza Infections in Humans: Meta-Analysis"
Maria D. Van Kerkhove et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1506-b

Response to Comment on "Seroevidence for H5N1 Influenza Infections in Humans: Meta-Analysis"
Taia T. Wang et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1506-c

The Eternal Silence of Neuronal Spaces
Stanislas Dehaene
Writing for nonspecialists, Koch blends autobiography, philosophical reflections, and discussions of the neurobiology of consciousness.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1507-a

Browsings
Martin Enserink
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1507-b

Facilitating "A-ha!" Moments
Anna Vlasits
Blending scientific findings with stories about creative breakthroughs, Lehrer discusses a range of factors that might help spark our imaginations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1508-a

Books Received

A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 15 June 2012.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1508-b

Engaging Teachers, Scientists, and Multimedia to Promote Learning
Dennis Liu et al.
BioInteractive focuses on scientists and their research, while engaging with teachers to improve educational materials and practice.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1509

Entangling Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism
Subir Sachdev
Common features found in two families of materials may help explain the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1510

A Unifying Role for Prions in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Stanley B. Prusiner
A profound change in thinking about the etiologies of many neurodegenerative diseases has far-reaching implications for developing therapeutics.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1511

Genetic Events That Shape the Cancer Epigenome
Russell J. H. Ryan et al.
Mutations in chromatin-related genes in human tumors support a role for epigenetic mechanisms in driving cancer.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1513

Primed to Remember
Dan Hewak et al.
With the potential to mimic the human brain, phase-change memories are operating faster, while imaging provides further insight into the switching mechanism.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1515

Biotic Multipliers of Climate Change
Phoebe L. Zarnetske et al.
A focus on species interactions may improve predictions of the effects of climate change on ecosystems.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1516

Carbon from Tropical Deforestation
Daniel J. Zarin
Estimates of carbon emissions from tropical deforestation differ widely.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1518

Wnt Regulates TERT-Putting the Horse Before the Cart
Carol W. Greider
A cell signaling pathway that controls self-renewal also regulates telomerase activity.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1519

H5N1
Bruce Alberts
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1521

Benefits and Risks of Influenza Research: Lessons Learned
Anthony S. Fauci et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1522

Regulating the Boundaries of Dual-Use Research
Mark S. Frankel
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1523

Implementing the New U.S. Dual-Use Policy
Carrie D. Wolinetz
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1525

Securing Medical Research: A Cybersecurity Point of View
Bruce Schneier
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1527

Evolution, Safety, and Highly Pathogenic Influenza Viruses
Marc Lipsitch et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1529

Influenza: Options to Improve Pandemic Preparation
Rino Rappuoli et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1531

Airborne Transmission of Influenza A/H5N1 Virus Between Ferrets
Sander Herfst et al.
Avian flu can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1534

The Potential for Respiratory Droplet-Transmissible A/H5N1 Influenza Virus to Evolve in a Mammalian Host
Colin A. Russell et al.
Some natural influenza viruses need only three amino acid substitutions to acquire airborne transmissibility between mammals.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1541

Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Regulates Telomerase in Stem Cells and Cancer Cells
Katrin Hoffmeyer et al.
A molecular link exists between two key regulators of the "undifferentiated" state of proliferative cells.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1549

A Sharp Peak of the Zero-Temperature Penetration Depth at Optimal Composition in BaFe₂(As_1-xP_x)₂
K. Hashimoto et al.
A quantum critical point may be lurking inside the superconducting dome of a pnictide series.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1554

Electromechanical Properties of Graphene Drumheads
Nikolai N. Klimov et al.
Mechanical straining of suspended graphene films leads to confinement of charge carriers into quantum dots.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1557

Electrical Wind Force-Driven and Dislocation-Templated Amorphization in Phase-Change Nanowires
Sung-Wook Nam et al.
The transition from crystalline to amorphous states in a phase-change material may not require a melting process.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1561

Breaking the Speed Limits of Phase-Change Memory
D. Loke et al.
A constant applied voltage causes preordering and accelerates phase changes in Ge₂Sb₂Te₅, leading to faster switching.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1566

Roton-Type Mode Softening in a Quantum Gas with Cavity-Mediated Long-Range Interactions
R. Mottl et al.
Low-energy excitations of the type present in superfluid helium are observed in a cold gas of rubidium atoms.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1570

Baseline Map of Carbon Emissions from Deforestation in Tropical Regions
Nancy L. Harris et al.
Tropical deforestation and degradation across three continents led to ~0.8 petagrams of yearly carbon emissions from 2000 to 2005.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1573

Endophytic Insect-Parasitic Fungi Translocate Nitrogen Directly from Insects to Plants
S. W. Behie et al.
A fungal plant symbiont also consumes insects in surrounding soil and transfers animal nitrogen to the plant's roots.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1576

The Dorsal Aorta Initiates a Molecular Cascade That Instructs Sympatho-Adrenal Specification
Daisuke Saito et al.
Morphogenic proteins provided by the dorsal aorta control early and late processes in neurovascular development.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1578

Membrane Fusion Intermediates via Directional and Full Assembly of the SNARE Complex
Javier M. Hernandez et al.
During vesicle membrane fusion, straining of lipids at the edges of an extended contact zone may initiate fusion.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1581

The Fission Yeast FANCM Ortholog Directs Non-Crossover Recombination During Meiosis
Alexander Lorenz et al.
A homolog of a human Fanconi anemia complementation group protein is involved in controlling crossing over during meiosis.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1585

FANCM Limits Meiotic Crossovers
Wayne Crismani et al.
A homolog of a human Fanconi anemia complementation group protein is involved in controlling crossing over during meiosis.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1588

Septin-Mediated Plant Cell Invasion by the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
Yasin F. Dagdas et al.
A plant pathogen mechanically ruptures cell walls in rice leaves to enter the plant cells and initiate infection.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1590

The lac Repressor Displays Facilitated Diffusion in Living Cells
Petter Hammar et al.
The lac repressor slides along DNA in living cells, frequently passing its operator before binding.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1595

New Products

A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1599-a

Science Podcast

The show includes biosecurity and scientific publishing, influence on a social network, Curiosity's martian arrival, and more.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1599-b

Stem Cells in Review

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6088/1599-c