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Science, 28 September 2012 (Volume 337, Issue 6102) http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol337/issue6102/index.dtl?etoc Also online at Science:: Science Express -- selected papers published in advance of print Daily News -- daily postings from Science's award-winning news team Science Signaling -- online cell signaling journal and knowledge environment Science Careers -- job postings and career advice for scientists Science Translational Medicine -- integrating medicine and science Recommend to Your Library

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As Field Matures, Ocean Acidification Scientists Face New Challenges Panel Gives NASA Options for How to Bring Back Pieces of Mars Indian Ocean Quakes Part of Slo-Mo Seafloor Breakup Japanese Physicists Claim Clinching Observation of New Superheavy Element

In this week's issue:

Research Summaries

This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol337/issue6102/twis.dtl

Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol337/issue6102/twil.dtl

The End of "Small Science"?
Bruce Alberts
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1583

This Week's Section

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1588-a

Around the World

In science news around the world this week, France and the E.U. will review a controversial study of GM corn, the U.S. House of Representatives won't make it easier for foreign-born students earning advanced science and engineering degrees from U.S. universities to remain after graduation, climate scientist Michael Mann won an initial victory in his latest legal battle, a spat between China and Japan over a group of uninhabited islets in the East China Sea is once again denting scientific cooperation, and public health experts are on edge about a new coronavirus.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1588-b

Newsmakers

This week's Newsmakers are cardiologist Gary Gibbons, who became the director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute on 13 August; and Princeton University president Shirley Tilghman, who will resign in June after leading the university for 12 years.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1589-a

Random Sample

The first-ever paper about XMRV has been retracted. A team led by Craig Bennett of the University of California, Santa Barbara, grabbed the 2012 neuroscience Ig Nobel prize for "proving" that a dead salmon has brain activity. And this week's numbers quantify the decrease in life expectancy between 1990 and 2008 of white U.S. residents without a high school diploma, retired chimps, and new Thai wasp species.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1589-b

Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol337/issue6102/findings.dtl

Ice-Free Arctic Sea May Be Years, Not Decades, Away
Richard A. Kerr
Summer Arctic sea ice will be a goner far sooner than the end of the century, as current models predict. How far wrong the models might be, however, is still very much in dispute.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1591

U.S. Study Shows Unconscious Gender Bias in Academic Science
Jeffrey Mervis
A new study suggests that unintentional gender bias is deeply rooted in U.S. academic science despite scientists' efforts to overcome it.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1592

Turning From War to Peace in Papua New Guinea
Elizabeth Culotta
In this week's issue of Science, researchers document an astonishing turn toward peace among the Enga, a clan in Papua New Guinea with a fearsome reputation for violent conflict.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1593

Drug Trial Offers Uncertain Start in Race to Save Children With Progeria
Jennifer Couzin-Frankel
This week marks the publication of a paper describing the first clinical trial of a drug for progeria, an ultrarare syndrome that seemingly ages children at warp speed.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1594

Roots of Empire
Mara Hvistendahl
A climate history project in Mongolia is charting the unexpected conditions that may have propelled the rise of Genghis Khan.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1596

Where Asia's Monsoons Go to Die
Christina Larson
An ambitious effort is gathering tree-ring samples from across Asia as proxies for past climate conditions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1598

Satellite Labs Extend Science
Robert F. Service
A new type of lab links Western scientists who want to expand with emerging nations seeking access to world-class researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1600

How to Go Global
Robert F. Service
Jordanian chemist Omar Yaghi has launched the Center for Global Mentoring to help faculty members set up satellite labs around the world.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1602

Curiosity and Contamination
Jeffrey L. Bada
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1604-a

Religiously Protecting Myanmar's Environment
Kwek Y. Chong
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1604-b

U.S. Basic Research: Delayed Drug Development
Marcus M. Reidenberg et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1605-a

U.S. Basic Research: Still Number One?
Sidney Altman
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1605-b

Corrections and Clarifications

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1605-c

Comment on "The Geometric Structure of the Brain Fiber Pathways"
Marco Catani et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1605-d

Response to Comment on "The Geometric Structure of the Brain Fiber Pathways"
Van J. Wedeen et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1605-e

A Coevolutionary Tale
A. D. Anbar
Writing for nonspecialists, Hazen presents the geological and biological history of our planet from the perspective of his "mineral evolution" hypothesis.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1606

Far-Reaching Impacts of Energetics
Kimberly Hammond
Drawing on his extensive work with mammals and birds in diverse environments, McNab offers a personal perspective on comparative physiology and ecological energetics.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1607-a

Books Received

A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 21 September 2012.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1607-b

When Scientific Research and Legal Practice Collide
R. Camilli et al.
Legal equality safeguards deliberative process while improving transparency in scientific research.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1608

Suppression of Sleep for Mating
Jerome M. Siegel
Sleep can be seen as an environmentally determined, adaptive behavior.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1610

How Oblate Is the Sun?
Douglas Gough
Recent measurements show that the Sun appears to be rounder than current understanding predicts.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1611

Insecticide Resistance After Silent Spring
David G. Heckel
Combating insecticide resistance is a continual challenge for the preservation of both traditional and transgenic crops.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1612

Life in a Contaminated World
Louis J. Guillette et al.
Exposure to pesticides and other chemicals can have complex long-term health effects.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1614

Immune Surveillance from Chromosomal Chaos?
Maurizio Zanetti et al.
Cancer cells are eliminated by a mechanism that alerts the immune system to abnormal chromosome number.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1616

A Radical Route for Nitrogenase Carbide Insertion
Amie K. Boal et al.
The NifB protein inserts a carbon atom from S-adenosyl-l-methionine into the complex iron-sulfur cluster cofactor of the nitrogenase enzyme.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1617

R. Duncan Luce (1925-2012)
James L. McClelland
A pioneer in the social sciences combined mathematics and psychology to understand human behavior.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1619

Personal Plants: Making Botany Meaningful by Experimentation
Laura A. Hyatt
Personal Plants, an IBI Prize-winning module, offers students connections to taxonomy and systematics, plant chemistry, water relations, and pollination biology.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1620

AAAS News and Notes

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1622

Scientific Thinking in Young Children: Theoretical Advances, Empirical Research, and Policy Implications
Alison Gopnik
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1623

Next-Generation Digital Information Storage in DNA
George M. Church et al.
Digital information can be stored in DNA at densities higher than digital media such as flash memory or quantum holography.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1628

Out of the Tropics: The Pacific, Great Basin Lakes, and Late Pleistocene Water Cycle in the Western United States
Mitchell Lyle et al.
Precipitation source regions for western North America changed substantially over the last deglaciation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1629

Parallel Molecular Evolution in an Herbivore Community
Ying Zhen et al.
Parallel mutations in the alpha subunit of the sodium pump allow insects to specialize on host plants that produce ouabain.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1634

The Precise Solar Shape and Its Variability
J. R. Kuhn et al.
Observations with NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory show that the shape of the Sun does not vary with the 11-year solar cycle.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1638

A Physically Transient Form of Silicon Electronics
Suk-Won Hwang et al.
A platform of materials and fabrication methods furnishes resorbable electronic devices for in vivo use.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1640

Gold-Catalyzed Direct Arylation
Liam T. Ball et al.
A gold catalyst can link together aromatic rings under very mild conditions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1644

Synthesis and Characterization of a Rhodium(I) σ-Alkane Complex in the Solid State
Sebastian D. Pike et al.
Hydrogenation of a crystalline precursor enables structural characterization of a commonly evoked reaction intermediate.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1648

Toward Peace: Foreign Arms and Indigenous Institutions in a Papua New Guinea Society
Polly Wiessner et al.
A case study shows that controlling conflict depends on local institutions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1651

Adaptive Sleep Loss in Polygynous Pectoral Sandpipers
John A. Lesku et al.
Male pectoral sandpipers go without sleep for days in order to mate as often as possible in the high Arctic.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1654

Mutations in the neverland Gene Turned Drosophila pachea into an Obligate Specialist Species
Michael Lang et al.
A few changes made the fly Drosophila pachea reliant on the steroid precursors produced by the senita cactus.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1658

Fermentation, Hydrogen, and Sulfur Metabolism in Multiple Uncultivated Bacterial Phyla
Kelly C. Wrighton et al.
Near-complete reconstruction of the genomes of 21 widespread uncultured environmental bacteria reveals metabolic novelties.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1661

Disulfide Rearrangement Triggered by Translocon Assembly Controls Lipopolysaccharide Export
Shu-Sin Chng et al.
Protein-protein interactions promote oxidative protein folding during assembly of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide exporter.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1665

Sedlin Controls the ER Export of Procollagen by Regulating the Sar1 Cycle
Rossella Venditti et al.
Sedlin, the product of the gene mutated in spondyloepiphyseal dyplasia tarda, acts to expand cargo containers to fit bulky procollagen.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1668

Radical SAM-Dependent Carbon Insertion into the Nitrogenase M-Cluster
Jared A. Wiig et al.
The carbon atom in the middle of a large metal cluster originates from the one-carbon donor S-adenosylmethionine.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1672

Evidence of Abundant Purifying Selection in Humans for Recently Acquired Regulatory Functions
Lucas D. Ward et al.
Diversity in human-specific regions of the genome has been reduced by functional constraints.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1675

An Immunosurveillance Mechanism Controls Cancer Cell Ploidy
Laura Senovilla et al.
Polyploid cancer cells trigger an immune response owing to proteins aberrantly exposed on their outer surfaces.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1678

Mycobacterial Disease and Impaired IFN-γ Immunity in Humans with Inherited ISG15 Deficiency
Dusan Bogunovic et al.
A mutation that accounts for adverse reactions to the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine against tuberculosis is identified.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1684

New Products

A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1689-a

Science Podcast

The show includes melt-away electronics, scientific thinking in kids, climate change in Mongolia, and more.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6102/1689-b