nature alert

Accidents in waiting ▶

Every researcher and institution should question their own attitudes to safety in the lab after the death of an undergraduate student in a Yale University workshop. Read Editorial ▶

Fix the PhD ▶

No longer a guaranteed ticket to an academic career, the PhD system needs a serious rethink. Read Editorial ▶

Home truths ▶

A new report offers useful insight into the continuing stalemate over global warming. Read Editorial ▶

Reform the PhD system or close it down ▶

There are too many doctoral programmes, producing too many PhDs for the job market. Shut some and change the rest, says Mark C. Taylor. Read World View ▶

Seven days: 21 April 2011 ▶

The week in science Read Seven Days ▶

US budget a taste of battles to come ▶

Deal leaves science agencies with less but avoids deep cuts. Read News ▶

Canadian research shift makes waves ▶

Agency's focus on industry-driven projects raises concerns that basic science will suffer. Read News ▶

A death in the lab ▶

Fatality adds further momentum to calls for a shake-up in academic safety culture. Read News ▶

Cancer theory faces doubts ▶

A leading explanation for how disease migrates falls short on clinical evidence. Read News ▶

Nuclear safety chief calls for reform ▶

Laurent Stricker says Japan's nuclear disaster should mark a turning point for the industry. Read News ▶

Education: The PhD factory ▶

The world is producing more PhDs than ever before. Is it time to stop? Read Feature ▶

Education: Rethinking PhDs ▶

Fix it, overhaul it or skip it completely — institutions and individuals are taking innovative approaches to postgraduate science training. Read Feature ▶

Seven ages of the PhD ▶

Scientists share memories of doing doctorates in different decades, disciplines and locations, from the hunt for the structure of DNA to deciphering the human genome. Read Comment ▶

The art of conservation ▶

As the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) turns 50, Henry Nicholls traces how the evolution of conservation practice has been echoed in the various incarnations of WWF's iconic pandas, and other conservation logos. Read Comment ▶

Conservation: Bringing back wildlife ▶

A scholarly history of the WWF highlights the gap between advocacy and action, finds Nancy Lee Nash. Read Books and Arts ▶

Books in brief ▶

Read Books and Arts ▶

Climate change: A dose of reality ▶

Tony McMichael welcomes an overview of an under-recognized climate issue: the threat to human health. Read Books and Arts ▶

Art: Grime and punishment ▶

Daniel Cressey finds there is more to dirt than disease at a London exhibition. Read Books and Arts ▶

Q&A: Animal distractions ▶

Isabella Rossellini, star of films including Blue Velvet (1986) and Big Night (1996), has made a series of short films on the mating rituals of insects and sea creatures. As her latest humorous biopic debuts in the United States, Rossellini explains why she is fascinated by animals. Read Books and Arts ▶

Doing the maths on the green economy ▶

Peter Victor & Tim Jackson Read Correspondence ▶

Academia resists clean-up in Romania ▶

Liviu Giosan Read Correspondence ▶

Science failed to self-regulate ▶

Frederik Trettin & Tobias Bunde Read Correspondence ▶

Fund biodiversity collections ▶

Flávio A. Bockmann Read Correspondence ▶

Jürg Tschopp (1951–2011) ▶

Immunologist whose discoveries transformed patients' lives. Read Obituary ▶

Corrections ▶

Read Correction ▶

Correction ▶

Read Correction ▶

Catecholamine receptor polymorphisms affect decision-making in C. elegans ▶

Andres Bendesky, Makoto Tsunozaki, Matthew V. Rockman, Leonid Kruglyak & Cornelia I. Bargmann

Innate behaviours are flexible: they change rapidly in response to transient env... Read Research ▶

Caspase signalling controls microglia activation and neurotoxicity ▶

Miguel A. Burguillos, Tomas Deierborg, Edel Kavanagh, Annette Persson, Nabil Hajji et al.

Activation of microglia and inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity are suggested to... Read Research ▶

Crystal structure of inhibitor of κB kinase β ▶

Guozhou Xu, Yu-Chih Lo, Qiubai Li, Gennaro Napolitano, Xuefeng Wu et al.

Inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) phosphorylates IκB proteins... Read Research ▶

Metabolic trade-offs and the maintenance of the fittest and the flattest ▶

Robert E. Beardmore, Ivana Gudelj, David A. Lipson & Laurence D. Hurst

How is diversity maintained? Environmental heterogeneity is considered to be imp... Read Research ▶

A transient placental source of serotonin for the fetal forebrain ▶

Alexandre Bonnin, Nick Goeden, Kevin Chen, Melissa L. Wilson, Jennifer King et al.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is thought to regulate neurodevelopmenta... Read Research ▶

Neuronal activity is required for the development of specific cortical interneuron subtypes ▶

Natalia V. De Marco García, Theofanis Karayannis & Gord Fishell

Electrical activity has been shown to regulate development in a variety of speci... Read Research ▶

Ephrin Bs are essential components of the Reelin pathway to regulate neuronal migration ▶

Aycan Sentürk, Sylvia Pfennig, Alexander Weiss, Katja Burk & Amparo Acker-Palmer

Coordinated migration of neurons in the developing and adult brain is essential ... Read Research ▶

TRIM5 is an innate immune sensor for the retrovirus capsid lattice ▶

Thomas Pertel, Stéphane Hausmann, Damien Morger, Sara Züger, Jessica Guerra et al.

TRIM5 is a RING domain-E3 ubiquitin ligase that restricts infection by human imm... Read Research ▶

A Raf-induced allosteric transition of KSR stimulates phosphorylation of MEK ▶

Damian F. Brennan, Arvin C. Dar, Nicholas T. Hertz, William C. H. Chao, Alma L. Burlingame et al.

In metazoans, the Ras–Raf–MEK (mitogen-activated protein-kinase ... Read Research ▶

Eutherian mammals use diverse strategies to initiate X-chromosome inactivation during development ▶

Ikuhiro Okamoto, Catherine Patrat, Dominique Thépot, Nathalie Peynot, Patricia Fauque et al.

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mammals allows dosage compensation for... Read Research ▶

Genome-wide analysis reveals novel molecular features of mouse recombination hotspots ▶

Fatima Smagulova, Ivan V. Gregoretti, Kevin Brick, Pavel Khil, R. Daniel Camerini-Otero et al.

Meiotic recombination predominantly occurs at discrete genomic loci called recom... Read Research ▶

Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome ▶

Manimozhiyan Arumugam, Jeroen Raes, Eric Pelletier, Denis Le Paslier, Takuji Yamada et al.

Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome ... Read Research ▶

A synthetic homing endonuclease-based gene drive system in the human malaria mosquito ▶

Nikolai Windbichler, Miriam Menichelli, Philippos Aris Papathanos, Summer B. Thyme, Hui Li et al.

Genetic methods of manipulating or eradicating disease vector populations have l... Read Research ▶

Neuropsin cleaves EphB2 in the amygdala to control anxiety ▶

Benjamin K. Attwood, Julie-Myrtille Bourgognon, Satyam Patel, Mariusz Mucha, Emanuele Schiavon et al.

A minority of individuals experiencing traumatic events develop anxiety disorder... Read Research ▶

Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å ▶

Yasufumi Umena, Keisuke Kawakami, Jian-Ren Shen & Nobuo Kamiya

Photosystem II is the site of photosynthetic water oxidation and contains 20 sub... Read Research ▶

Differential microRNA regulation of HLA-C expression and its association with HIV control ▶

Smita Kulkarni, Ram Savan, Ying Qi, Xiaojiang Gao, Yuko Yuki et al.

The HLA-C locus is distinct relative to the other classical HLA class I loci in ... Read Research ▶

Acetylation-dependent regulation of endothelial Notch signalling by the SIRT1 deacetylase ▶

Virginia Guarani, Gianluca Deflorian, Claudio A. Franco, Marcus Krüger, Li-Kun Phng et al.

Notch signalling is a key intercellular communication mechanism that is essentia... Read Research ▶

Stem-cell-triggered immunity through CLV3p–FLS2 signalling ▶

Horim Lee, Ok-Kyong Chah & Jen Sheen

Stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of plants are the self-renewable r... Read Research ▶

Suppression of T_H17 differentiation and autoimmunity by a synthetic ROR ligand ▶

Laura A. Solt, Naresh Kumar, Philippe Nuhant, Yongjun Wang, Janelle L. Lauer et al.

T-helper cells that produce interleukin-17 (TH17 cells) are a recently identifie... Read Research ▶

Developmental biology: Remarkable role for the placenta ▶

Ron McKay

The placenta does not only act as the essential link between the developing embr... Read Research ▶

Evolutionary biology: Light sense ▶

Daniel Osorio

Evidence that a larval brachiopod has ciliary photoreceptors that are directiona... Read Research ▶

Cancer: Macrophages limit chemotherapy ▶

Michele De Palma & Claire E. Lewis

A major hurdle to successful cancer treatment is tumour resistance to chemothera... Read Research ▶

Immunology: TRIM5 does double duty ▶

Christopher Aiken & Sebastian Joyce

TRIM5 proteins limit retroviral infection by targeting the viral coat. It now se... Read Research ▶

Ecology: Jonah and the waterfowl ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Virology: Stubborn virus grows in sinus ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Stem cells: New ways to change fates ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Behaviour: Diversity beats ability ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Cancer Biology: Laying siege to cancer ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Climate Change: Sea ice penguin theory sinks ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Neuroscience: Sleep deprivation: a risky business ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Conservation: Bringing back wildlife ▶

A scholarly history of the WWF highlights the gap between advocacy and action, finds Nancy Lee Nash. Read News and Comment ▶

Books in brief ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Climate change: A dose of reality ▶

Tony McMichael welcomes an overview of an under-recognized climate issue: the threat to human health. Read News and Comment ▶

Art: Grime and punishment ▶

Daniel Cressey finds there is more to dirt than disease at a London exhibition. Read News and Comment ▶

Q&A: Animal distractions ▶

Isabella Rossellini, star of films including Blue Velvet (1986) and Big Night (1996), has made a series of short films on the mating rituals of insects and sea creatures. As her latest humorous biopic debuts in the United States, Rossellini explains why she is fascinated by animals. Read News and Comment ▶

Jürg Tschopp (1951–2011) ▶

Immunologist whose discoveries transformed patients' lives. Read News and Comment ▶

What is a PhD really worth? ▶

To secure elusive funding, entrepreneurs must understand the financial landscape and the motivations of investing firms. Read Careers ▶

More News & Comment on Biological Sciences ▶

Crystal structure of inhibitor of κB kinase β ▶

Guozhou Xu, Yu-Chih Lo, Qiubai Li, Gennaro Napolitano, Xuefeng Wu et al.

Inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) phosphorylates IκB proteins... Read Research ▶

Optically healable supramolecular polymers ▶

Mark Burnworth, Liming Tang, Justin R. Kumpfer, Andrew J. Duncan, Frederick L. Beyer et al.

Polymers with the ability to repair themselves after sustaining damage could ext... Read Research ▶

TRIM5 is an innate immune sensor for the retrovirus capsid lattice ▶

Thomas Pertel, Stéphane Hausmann, Damien Morger, Sara Züger, Jessica Guerra et al.

TRIM5 is a RING domain-E3 ubiquitin ligase that restricts infection by human imm... Read Research ▶

A Raf-induced allosteric transition of KSR stimulates phosphorylation of MEK ▶

Damian F. Brennan, Arvin C. Dar, Nicholas T. Hertz, William C. H. Chao, Alma L. Burlingame et al.

In metazoans, the Ras–Raf–MEK (mitogen-activated protein-kinase ... Read Research ▶

The Soret effect and isotopic fractionation in high-temperature silicate melts ▶

Gerardo Dominguez, Gautam Wilkins & Mark H. Thiemens

Diffusion in condensed phases is a ubiquitous but poorly understood phenomenon. ... Read Research ▶

Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å ▶

Yasufumi Umena, Keisuke Kawakami, Jian-Ren Shen & Nobuo Kamiya

Photosystem II is the site of photosynthetic water oxidation and contains 20 sub... Read Research ▶

Materials chemistry: Spot-on healing ▶

Nancy R. Sottos & Jeffrey S. Moore

Rubbery polymers have been made in which damage is healed by exposure to light. ... Read Research ▶

Immunology: TRIM5 does double duty ▶

Christopher Aiken & Sebastian Joyce

TRIM5 proteins limit retroviral infection by targeting the viral coat. It now se... Read Research ▶

Accidents in waiting ▶

Every researcher and institution should question their own attitudes to safety in the lab after the death of an undergraduate student in a Yale University workshop. Read News and Comment ▶

More News & Comment on Chemical Sciences ▶

Quantum simulation of antiferromagnetic spin chains in an optical lattice ▶

Jonathan Simon, Waseem S. Bakr, Ruichao Ma, M. Eric Tai, Philipp M. Preiss et al.

Understanding exotic forms of magnetism in quantum mechanical systems is a centr... Read Research ▶

The auroral footprint of Enceladus on Saturn ▶

Wayne R. Pryor, Abigail M. Rymer, Donald G. Mitchell, Thomas W. Hill, David T. Young et al.

Although there are substantial differences between the magnetospheres of Jupiter... Read Research ▶

Optically healable supramolecular polymers ▶

Mark Burnworth, Liming Tang, Justin R. Kumpfer, Andrew J. Duncan, Frederick L. Beyer et al.

Polymers with the ability to repair themselves after sustaining damage could ext... Read Research ▶

Genome-wide analysis reveals novel molecular features of mouse recombination hotspots ▶

Fatima Smagulova, Ivan V. Gregoretti, Kevin Brick, Pavel Khil, R. Daniel Camerini-Otero et al.

Meiotic recombination predominantly occurs at discrete genomic loci called recom... Read Research ▶

The Soret effect and isotopic fractionation in high-temperature silicate melts ▶

Gerardo Dominguez, Gautam Wilkins & Mark H. Thiemens

Diffusion in condensed phases is a ubiquitous but poorly understood phenomenon. ... Read Research ▶

Sharply increased mass loss from glaciers and ice caps in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago ▶

Alex S. Gardner, Geir Moholdt, Bert Wouters, Gabriel J. Wolken, David O. Burgess et al.

Mountain glaciers and ice caps are contributing significantly to present rates o... Read Research ▶

Materials chemistry: Spot-on healing ▶

Nancy R. Sottos & Jeffrey S. Moore

Rubbery polymers have been made in which damage is healed by exposure to light. ... Read Research ▶

Atomic physics: A route to quantum magnetism ▶

Ian B. Spielman

The trend towards using ultracold atoms as simulators of condensed-matter and ma... Read Research ▶

Electronics: Power surfing on waves ▶

Min Hyung Lee & Ali Javey

Wavy strips of piezoelectric materials on stretchable substrates can both withst... Read Research ▶

Astronomy: Sharper cosmic pencils ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Optical Physics: A liquid of photons ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Mechanics: A stable, riderless bicycle ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Climate Change: Sea ice penguin theory sinks ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Home truths ▶

A new report offers useful insight into the continuing stalemate over global warming. Read News and Comment ▶

More News & Comment on Physical Sciences ▶

The auroral footprint of Enceladus on Saturn ▶

Wayne R. Pryor, Abigail M. Rymer, Donald G. Mitchell, Thomas W. Hill, David T. Young et al.

Although there are substantial differences between the magnetospheres of Jupiter... Read Research ▶

Thermal history of Mars inferred from orbital geochemistry of volcanic provinces ▶

David Baratoux, Michael J. Toplis, Marc Monnereau & Olivier Gasnault

Reconstruction of the geological history of Mars has been the focus of considera... Read Research ▶

The Soret effect and isotopic fractionation in high-temperature silicate melts ▶

Gerardo Dominguez, Gautam Wilkins & Mark H. Thiemens

Diffusion in condensed phases is a ubiquitous but poorly understood phenomenon. ... Read Research ▶

Sharply increased mass loss from glaciers and ice caps in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago ▶

Alex S. Gardner, Geir Moholdt, Bert Wouters, Gabriel J. Wolken, David O. Burgess et al.

Mountain glaciers and ice caps are contributing significantly to present rates o... Read Research ▶

Climate Change: Sea ice penguin theory sinks ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Home truths ▶

A new report offers useful insight into the continuing stalemate over global warming. Read News and Comment ▶

Conservation: Bringing back wildlife ▶

A scholarly history of the WWF highlights the gap between advocacy and action, finds Nancy Lee Nash. Read News and Comment ▶

Books in brief ▶

 Read News and Comment ▶

Doing the maths on the green economy ▶

 Peter Victor & Tim Jackson Read News and Comment ▶

Fund biodiversity collections ▶

 Flávio A. Bockmann Read News and Comment ▶

More News & Comment on Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶

Start-ups: In search of venture capital ▶

To secure elusive funding, entrepreneurs must understand the financial landscape and the motivations of investing firms. Read Careers ▶

What is a PhD really worth? ▶

To secure elusive funding, entrepreneurs must understand the financial landscape and the motivations of investing firms. Read Careers ▶

Accidents in waiting ▶

Every researcher and institution should question their own attitudes to safety in the lab after the death of an undergraduate student in a Yale University workshop. Read News and Comment ▶

Fix the PhD ▶

No longer a guaranteed ticket to an academic career, the PhD system needs a serious rethink. Read News and Comment ▶

Education: The PhD factory ▶

The world is producing more PhDs than ever before. Is it time to stop? Read News and Comment ▶

Seven ages of the PhD ▶

Scientists share memories of doing doctorates in different decades, disciplines and locations, from the hunt for the structure of DNA to deciphering the human genome. Read News and Comment ▶

Academia resists clean-up in Romania ▶

Read News and Comment ▶

Science failed to self-regulate ▶

Read News and Comment ▶

Fund biodiversity collections ▶

Read News and Comment ▶

Postdoc position at University of Bergen

Department of Medicine, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway

International Max Planck Research School – Molecular Biomedicine (IMPRS-MBM) and Graduate Program Cell Dynamics and Disease (CEDAD)

University of Münster All

PhD Thesis: AN AB INITIO EXPLORATION OF COUPLED MOLECULAR SWITCHES

Université de Nantes Nantes, FRANCE

PhD studentship in Mesopic vision mechanisms

City University London UNITED KINGDOM

210 Emerging Tools in Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy for Systems Biology: Critical Assessment

04.-06.09.11 Lisbon, Portugal