In this week's issue:
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol334/issue6059/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol334/issue6059/twil.dtl
Editorial
Science Adapters Wanted
Bruce Alberts
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1031
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1038-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, a Chinese climate report paints a grim picture, a new Australian facility is imaging the world's worst viruses infecting cells in real time, the European Union has banned "backscatter" body scanners, and Chinese geneticists plan to sequence thousands of crops, animals, and insects.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1038-b
Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are Francesco Profumo, who has been named as Italy's new research minister, and cancer researcher Yoshiaki Ito, who has been cleared of allegations of data fabrication in a 2002 Cell paper.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1039-a
Random Sample
As the coldest capital on Earth, you might think the last thing Ulan Bator needs is more ice. But that is just what it's about to get under a geoengineering trial aimed at "storing" freezing winter temperatures to cool and water the city during the summer.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1039-b
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol334/issue6059/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
Humans Are Driving Extreme Weather; Time to Prepare
Richard A. Kerr
An international scientific assessment finds for the first time that human activity has driven increases in some extreme weather and climate events around the world in recent decades.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1040
First Spending Bill Giveth-And Taketh Away
Jeffrey Mervis
Last week, some parts of the U.S. scientific community received good news from Congress about the budgets of a few research agencies for the current fiscal year.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1041
Global Tracking of Small Animals Gains Momentum
Elizabeth Pennisi
Next month, ecologists will begin testing whether a new animal tag developed to track animals too small to be monitored globally can eventually communicate with the International Space Station.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1042
Researchers Mull Impact of Geron's Sudden Exit From Field
Jocelyn Kaiser
The decision last week by the biotech company Geron to cancel the first-ever clinical trial using human embryonic stem cells and sell off its stem cell programs has shaken the biomedical research community.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1043
Skies Clear for Troubled Machine Being Built at Illinois Center
Robert F. Service
Computer scientists breathed a sigh of relief last week when the University of Illinois announced that Cray Inc. has agreed to take over the construction of a stalled $200 million supercomputer.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1044
UNESCO Science Braces for a Big Squeeze
Daniel Strain
How the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization responds to the sudden loss of U.S. dollars will determine the fate of its roughly $120-million-a-year science portfolio.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1045
News Focus
Mysteries of the Cell
John Travis
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1046-a
Do Lipid Rafts Exist?
Mitch Leslie
Many scientists argue that the molecular platforms that sail on the cell's outer membrane, known as lipid rafts, either don't exist or have no biological relevance, but their supporters insist the idea remains afloat.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1046-b
How Does a Cell Know Its Size?
Mitch Leslie
Researchers have finally begun to identify potential size-sensing mechanisms within cells, but they admit there's still a lot to learn.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1047
How Does the Cell Position Its Proteins?
John Travis
Somehow, a cell must get all its proteins to their correct destinations-and keep these molecules out of the wrong places. The mystery of how cells place their protein repertoire is far from solved.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1048
How Do Hungry Cells Start Eating Themselves?
Mitch Leslie
Cell biologists might be close to learning where the internal membrane comes from that a hungry cell sprouts to encapsulate some of its contents and break them down for reuse.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1049
Does a Gene's Location in the Nucleus Matter?
Elizabeth Pennisi
How the pattern of chromosomes and subnuclear bodies in the cell nucleus affects gene activity and other cellular functions is an enduring mystery in biology, one that won't be unraveled soon.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1050
Cell Biology's Open Cases
There are many mysteries that are likely to keep cell biologists working long hours, including how do cells know where they are, how do they sense chemical gradients, and how do they migrate together.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1051
Time to Adapt to a Warming World, But Where's the Science?
Richard A. Kerr
With dangerous global warming seemingly inevitable, users of climate information-from water utilities to international aid workers-are turning to climate scientists for guidance. But usable knowledge is in short supply.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1052
Archaeologists Race Against Sea Change in Orkney
Sara Reardon
Coastal erosion, accelerated by climate change, is threatening the Orkney Islands' wealth of archaeology, but researchers are adapting to the changes
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1054
Letters
A Well-Defined Planet
Alan P. Boss
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1057
Science Adviser Faced Tough Political Climate
Mark Bowen
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1057
Protecting Indigenous Livestock Diversity
Paul J. Boettcher et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1058
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Will Proceed
Elizabeth J. Screaton
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1058-b
Technical Comments
Technical Comment on "Hydrogen Mapping of the Lunar South Pole Using the LRO Neutron Detector Experiment LEND"
David J. Lawrence et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1058
Response to Comment on "Hydrogen Mapping of the Lunar South Pole Using the LRO Neutron Detector Experiment LEND"
I. G. Mitrofanov et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1058
Letters
Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1058-e
Books et al.
Blink with Muscles
Steven J. Sherman
Writing for lay readers, Kahneman provides a comprehensive look at how humans think and reach decisions-and at the implications of his findings.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1062
Nightmare of an Exploding Pandemic
Kristen L. Mueller
Soderbergh's latest film charts the impact of a viral pandemic on its victims and our interconnected world.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1064-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 18 November 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1064-b
Policy Forum
Dimensions of Science Cooperation
Lisa Chong et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1066-a
The New Framework for EU Research and Innovation
Manfred Horvat
Horizon 2020 spells out the prospects for research and innovation in the European Union.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1066
Perspectives
Inheriting Maternal mtDNA
Beth Levine et al.
Sperm mitochondria are destroyed by autophagy at fertilization in C. elegans, explaining the maternal origin of mitochondria in this and perhaps other animals.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1069
Communities Under Climate Change
David Nogues-Bravo et al.
An interdisciplinary study shows how animal communities respond to climate change.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1070
Cosmic-Ray Origins
W. Robert Binns
The detection of distributed, high-energy gamma-ray emission points to cosmic-ray acceleration in a superbubble.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1071
What Drives Biodiversity Changes?
James Crampton
Information transfer analysis elucidates the relationships between past environmental and biodiversity changes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1073
The Essence of Quiescence
Hilary A. Coller
Is cell quiescence a distinct state or does it represent a series of growth rates that cells use to adjust to their environment?
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1074
Priming Cancer Cells for Death
John C. Reed
The effects of Bcl-2 family proteins on mitochondria in cancer cells are linked to clinical responses to chemotherapy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1075
Essays on Science and Society
Open Source Physics
Wolfgang Christian et al.
A curriculum resource designed around interactive computer-based modeling brings computational physics to students of all levels.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1077
Association Affairs
AAAS News and Notes
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1079
Reviews
The Unfolded Protein Response: From Stress Pathway to Homeostatic Regulation
Peter Walter et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1081
Road to Ruin: Targeting Proteins for Degradation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Melanie H. Smith et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1086
Research Articles
The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals
Douglas H. Erwin et al.
Major animal clades evolved tens of millions of years before the widespread appearance of animal fossils.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1091
A Potent and Broad Neutralizing Antibody Recognizes and Penetrates the HIV Glycan Shield
Robert Pejchal et al.
An HIV antibody achieves potency and breadth by binding simultaneously to two conserved glycans on the viral envelope protein.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1097
Reports
A Cocoon of Freshly Accelerated Cosmic Rays Detected by Fermi in the Cygnus Superbubble
M. Ackermann et al.
Cosmic rays can be accelerated in the cavities carved by the stellar winds created by clusters of massive stars.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1103
Fermi Detection of a Luminous γ-Ray Pulsar in a Globular Cluster
The Fermi LAT Collaboration et al.
Contrary to expectations, the γ-rays from a distant cluster of stars are dominated by emission from a single neutron star.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1107
A Homonuclear Molecule with a Permanent Electric Dipole Moment
W. Li et al.
Two rubidium atoms, one in its ground state and the other with a highly excited electron, form a metastable polar molecule.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1110
Discovery of an α-Amino C-H Arylation Reaction Using the Strategy of Accelerated Serendipity
Andrew McNally et al.
An unanticipated photocatalytic carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction emerged from screening many unusual reagent combinations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1114
Pelagic Fishing at 42,000 Years Before the Present and the Maritime Skills of Modern Humans
Sue O'Connor et al.
Abundant fish remains from a shelter in East Timor imply that humans were fishing the deep sea by 43,000 years ago.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1117
Phanerozoic Earth System Evolution and Marine Biodiversity
Bjarte Hannisdal et al.
Environmental factors, more so than sampling biases, drive trends in biological evolution observed in the fossil record.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1121
Climate Change, Keystone Predation, and Biodiversity Loss
Christopher D. G. Harley
Rising temperature and predation result in range limits and local extinction events in an intertidal community.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1124
Experimental Evolution of Reduced Sex Ratio Adjustment Under Local Mate Competition
Emilie Macke et al.
Tests of Hamilton's theory on a spider mite show that populations evolve with less phenotypic plasticity in their sex ratio.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1127
Pretreatment Mitochondrial Priming Correlates with Clinical Response to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
Triona Ni Chonghaile et al.
The mitochondrial state of a tumor cell prior to chemotherapy may help determine how well it responds to drug treatment.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1129
Transplanted Hypothalamic Neurons Restore Leptin Signaling and Ameliorate Obesity in db/db Mice
Artur Czupryn et al.
Neurons transplanted from healthy donor mice can repair brain circuitry and partially normalize metabolism in obese mice.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1133
Polarization of PAR Proteins by Advective Triggering of a Pattern-Forming System
Nathan W. Goehring et al.
Patterning of Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes involves passive as well as active mechanisms.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1137
Degradation of Paternal Mitochondria by Fertilization-Triggered Autophagy in C. elegans Embryos
Miyuki Sato et al.
Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA results from autophagy-dependent clearance of paternal mitochondria.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1141
Postfertilization Autophagy of Sperm Organelles Prevents Paternal Mitochondrial DNA Transmission
Sara Al Rawi et al.
Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA results from autophagy-dependent clearance of paternal mitochondria.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1144
Deep Human Genealogies Reveal a Selective Advantage to Be on an Expanding Wave Front
Claudia Moreau et al.
Women in the vanguard of range expansions, such as the European settlement of Quebec, married young and had more offspring.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1148
Stress-Related Noradrenergic Activity Prompts Large-Scale Neural Network Reconfiguration
Erno J. Hermans et al.
Acute stress leads to reorganization of large-scale neural network connectivity in the brain that is driven by noradrenaline.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1151
From the AAAS Office of Publishing and Member Services
LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: As Science Accelerates, Researchers Hire Help
Alan Dove
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1154
Products & Materials
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1157-a
Podcast
Science Podcast
The show includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the mysteries of the cell, repairing neural activity, and more.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/334/6059/1157-b
