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11月3日出版的Nature Physics目录
[2010-11-03]
Nature Physics
TABLE OF CONTENTS

November 2010 Volume 6, Issue 11

Editorial
Correspondence
Commentaries
Thesis
Books and Arts
Research Highlights
News and Views
Letters
Articles



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Editorial

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Development opportunity p825
doi:10.1038/nphys1854
Achievement of the United Nations' Millenium Development Goals is by no means guaranteed, but there is heartening progress in the promotion of science for development.
Full Text | PDF

Correspondence

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Experimental bound entanglement? p827
J. Lavoie, R. Kaltenbaek, M. Piani and K. J. Resch
doi:10.1038/nphys1832
Full Text | PDF

Reply to 'Experimental bound entanglement?' p827
Elias Amselem and Mohamed Bourennane
doi:10.1038/nphys1833
Full Text | PDF

Commentaries

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Physics for a changing world pp828 - 829
Gordon Fraser
doi:10.1038/nphys1830
Fifty years ago, Abdus Salam envisaged a 'world centre' for theorists. Now the institute that he founded is adapting to a changing world and to changing ways of doing science.
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Material progress in Africa pp830 - 832
Nithaya Chetty, Richard M. Martin and Sandro Scandolo
doi:10.1038/nphys1842
A school on computational materials science that drew expert teachers and talented participants marks a new approach to the development of research in Africa.
Full Text | PDF

Thesis

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Think of a number p833
Mark Buchanan
doi:10.1038/nphys1839
Full Text | PDF

Books and Arts

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Space in good shape pp834 - 835
Eva Silverstein reviews The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions by Shing-Tung Yau and Steve Nadis
doi:10.1038/nphys1843
Full Text | PDF

Research Highlights

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Our choice from the recent literature p836
doi:10.1038/nphys1850
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Nobel Prize 2010: Andre Geim & Konstantin Novoselov p836
Ed Gerstner
doi:10.1038/nphys1836
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 has been awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene".
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News and Views

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Frustrated magnetism: A pinwheel without wind pp837 - 838
Christian Rüegg
doi:10.1038/nphys1844
The quantum kagome lattice is a fundamental but experimentally elusive frustrated magnet. Neutron spectroscopy now reveals the ground state and elementary excitations of a deformed kagome lattice in which the quantum spins form an exotic pinwheel valence-bond state.
Full Text | PDF
See also: Letter by Matan et al.

Quantum computing: A quantum telecom link pp838 - 839
Mark Saffman
doi:10.1038/nphys1825
Converting data-carrying photons to telecommunication wavelengths enables distribution of quantum information over long distances.
Full Text | PDF
See also: Article by Radnaev et al.

Metrology: Just a matter of time p839
David Gevaux
doi:10.1038/nphys1848
Full Text | PDF

Quantum computing: Shaking up ground states pp840 - 841
Robert Raussendorf
doi:10.1038/nphys1829
Measurement-based quantum computation with an Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki state is experimentally realized for the first time.
Full Text | PDF
See also: Letter by Kaltenbaek et al.

Planetary physics: Under the spell of the rings p841
Andreas Trabesinger
doi:10.1038/nphys1849
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Quantum mechanics: Steered towards non-locality pp842 - 843
Nicolas Brunner
doi:10.1038/nphys1808
Quantum mechanics predicts that measurements on spatially separated particles can yield non-local correlations. This is well established but defies intuition about space and time. The concept of 'steering' might help us to understand quantum non-locality better.
Full Text | PDF
See also: Letter by Saunders et al.

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Letters

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Experimental EPR-steering using Bell-local states pp845 - 849
D. J. Saunders, S. J. Jones, H. M. Wiseman and G. J. Pryde
doi:10.1038/nphys1766
Erwin Schrödinger introduced in 1935 the concept of 'steering', which generalizes the famed Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. Steering sits in between quantum entanglement and non-locality — that is, entanglement is necessary for steering, but steering can be achieved, as has now been demonstrated experimentally, with states that cannot violate a Bell inequality (and therefore non-locality).
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: News and Views by Brunner

Optical one-way quantum computing with a simulated valence-bond solid pp850 - 854
Rainer Kaltenbaek, Jonathan Lavoie, Bei Zeng, Stephen D. Bartlett and Kevin J. Resch
doi:10.1038/nphys1777
One-way quantum computing requires an entangled multiqubit system. So-called cluster states have been proposed to provide this resource, but they are difficult to generate. An alternative that uses the ground state of a one-dimensional chain of spins is now experimentally realized and used to construct a quantum logic gate.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: News and Views by Raussendorf

Observation of topological order in a superconducting doped topological insulator pp855 - 859
L. Andrew Wray, Su-Yang Xu, Yuqi Xia, Yew San Hor, Dong Qian, Alexei V. Fedorov, Hsin Lin, Arun Bansil, Robert J. Cava and M. Zahid Hasan
doi:10.1038/nphys1762
When doped with copper, the topological insulator Bi2Se3 becomes superconducting. But for new physics and applications the search is not for just any superconductor; the material must retain its topological character. And indeed that is the case with doped Bi2Se3.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of extended polariton condensates pp860 - 864
E. Wertz, L. Ferrier, D. D. Solnyshkov, R. Johne, D. Sanvitto, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, R. Grousson, A. V. Kavokin, P. Senellart, G. Malpuech and J. Bloch
doi:10.1038/nphys1750
Long-lived polariton condensates can propagate well beyond the area of their initial excitation while still maintaining spatial coherence. This enables direct and controllable manipulation of the condensate wavefunction.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Pinwheel valence-bond solid and triplet excitations in the two-dimensional deformed kagome lattice pp865 - 869
K. Matan, T. Ono, Y. Fukumoto, T. J. Sato, J. Yamaura, M. Yano, K. Morita and H. Tanaka
doi:10.1038/nphys1761
Single crystals of a two-dimensional quantum spin system with geometric frustration lead to the observation of a 'pinwheel' valence-bond ground state. In this case, the distortion of the ideal kagome lattice structure helps to stabilize the quantum spin state.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF
See also: News and Views by Rüegg

Visualization of charge transport through Landau levels in graphene pp870 - 874
G. Nazin, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, E. Sutter and P. Sutter
doi:10.1038/nphys1745
Monitoring the photocurrent generated as a laser scans across a graphene field-effect device subjected to low temperature and high magnetic fields enables the spatial distribution of Landau levels across a graphene sheet to be mapped. This in turn allows the relative contribution of bulk and edge states to the macroscopic electrical characteristics of these devices to be determined.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Observation of second-harmonic generation induced by pure spin currents pp875 - 878
Lalani K. Werake and Hui Zhao
doi:10.1038/nphys1742
A pure spin current has no net charge current and is therefore difficult to detect. A new technique that takes advantage of nonlinear optical effects can measure pure spin currents non-invasively, non-destructively and in real-time.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Thermally driven spin injection from a ferromagnet into a non-magnetic metal pp879 - 882
A. Slachter, F. L. Bakker, J-P. Adam and B. J. van Wees
doi:10.1038/nphys1767
The experimental demonstration of heat currents driving the injection of spins from a ferromagnetic into a non-magnetic metal establishes a new source of pure spin currents. The approach might provide an alternative mechanism for switching processes in memory devices and for other 'spintronics' applications.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Zernike phase contrast in scanning microscopy with X-rays pp883 - 887
Christian Holzner, Michael Feser, Stefan Vogt, Benjamin Hornberger, Stephen B. Baines and Chris Jacobsen
doi:10.1038/nphys1765
Introducing a phase shift between diffracted and undiffracted light from a sample is one of the oldest techniques for generating phase contrast in optical microscopy. A similar approach should help improve the contrast and clarity of images collected by scanning X-ray microscopy.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Identification of influential spreaders in complex networks pp888 - 893
Maksim Kitsak, Lazaros K. Gallos, Shlomo Havlin, Fredrik Liljeros, Lev Muchnik, H. Eugene Stanley and Hernán A. Makse
doi:10.1038/nphys1746
Spreading of information, ideas or diseases can be conveniently modelled in the context of complex networks. An analysis now reveals that the most efficient spreaders are not always necessarily the most connected agents in a network. Instead, the position of an agent relative to the hierarchical topological organization of the network might be as important as its connectivity.
First paragraph | Full Text | PDF

Articles

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A quantum memory with telecom-wavelength conversion pp894 - 899
A. G. Radnaev, Y. O. Dudin, R. Zhao, H. H. Jen, S. D. Jenkins, A. Kuzmich and T. A. B. Kennedy
doi:10.1038/nphys1773
Atomic transitions afford a convenient way of storing quantum bits. However, there are few ground-state transitions suitable for use with light at telecommunication wavelengths. Now, researchers show that ensembles of cold rubidium atoms not only make good quantum memories, but can also noiselessly convert the emitted photons into and out of the telecoms band.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
See also: News and Views by Saffman

A finite-temperature phase transition for disordered weakly interacting bosons in one dimension pp900 - 904
I. L. Aleiner, B. L. Altshuler and G. V. Shlyapnikov
doi:10.1038/nphys1758
In one-dimensional systems, phase transitions at finite temperature are deemed impossible, because long-range correlations are destroyed by thermal fluctuations. Theoretical work now shows that, nonetheless, a phase transition at finite temperature can occur in a one-dimensional gas of weakly interacting bosons in a random environment
Abstract | Full Text | PDF

Loss of nodal quasiparticle integrity in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x  pp905 - 911
D. Fournier, G. Levy, Y. Pennec, J. L. McChesney, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, R. Liang, W. N. Hardy, D. A. Bonn, I. S. Elfimov and A. Damascelli
doi:10.1038/nphys1763
Quantitative measurements that establish the existence and evolution of quasiparticles across the whole phase diagram of a cuprate superconductor help to distinguish the many theoretical models for high-temperature superconductivity.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF

Far-field optical imaging and manipulation of individual spins with nanoscale resolution pp912 - 918
P. C. Maurer, J. R. Maze, P. L. Stanwix, L. Jiang, A. V. Gorshkov, A. A. Zibrov, B. Harke, J. S. Hodges, A. S. Zibrov, A. Yacoby, D. Twitchen, S. W. Hell, R. L. Walsworth and M. D. Lukin
doi:10.1038/nphys1774
Diffraction conventionally limits the length scale on which spins can be optically probed. A new technique that uses doughnut-shaped beams of light to select just one nitrogen-vacancy centre, by suppressing the fluorescence from those around it, enables single-spin detection, imaging and manipulation with nanoscale resolution.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF

Trionic optical potential for electrons in semiconductors pp919 - 923
Martin J. A. Schuetz, Michael G. Moore and Carlo Piermarocchi
doi:10.1038/nphys1775
The energy potentials created by laser light can trap atoms. An analogous effect that traps electrons in solid-state systems is now proposed. The electron traps are created in quantum wells and wires in the presence of quasiparticles composed of two electrons and a hole. The idea could lead to advances in ultrafast optical and new optoelectronic devices.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF

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