In this week's issue:
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol337/issue6090/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol337/issue6090/twil.dtl
Editorial
The Internet and Academic Freedom
Michael H. Posner
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/13
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/18-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, Japan powered up one of its nuclear reactors for the first time since the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis, the director of the Wellcome Trust has been appointed as the U.K. government's next chief scientific adviser, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld health-care reform, and a U.S. federal appeals court has ruled that the Environmental Protection Agency relied on sound science in deciding that greenhouse gases potentially "endangered" public health and welfare.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/18-b
Random Sample
The Wellcome Trust is adding teeth to a requirement that grantees post their papers in a public database within 6 months of publication. A one-of-a-kind tree has been spared the ax at the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in Miami, Florida. Archivists at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., are painting a picture of noted astronomer Carl Sagan using 750,000 objects and documents he saved over the course of his life. And this week's numbers quantify signatures on a petition to amend U.K. libel laws, the percentage of U.S. patents with at least one foreign-born inventor, and the number of babies born via fertility techniques.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/18-c
Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are University of California, Los Angeles, computer scientist Deborah Estrin, who is joining a slick new tech campus at Cornell University, and Fernando Codá Marques, a differential geometer at the National Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics in Rio de Janeiro, who has won the 2012 Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from Developing Countries.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/19
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol337/issue6090/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
Fraud-Detection Tool Could Shake Up Psychology
Martin Enserink
An unpublished statistical method to detect data fraud has led psychologist Dirk Smeesters of Erasmus University Rotterdam to resign and his school to request the retraction of two of his papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/21
Researchers Hail New Restoration Program Funds
David Malakoff
Researchers must figure out how best to use the fines from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico to repair wetlands and marine ecosystems battered by more than a century of abuse.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/22
Prominent Turkish Academic Who Advocated Secular Reforms Arrested
Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
The former head of Turkey's Council of Higher Education, Kemal Gürüz, has been arrested as part of an inquiry by Turkey's conservative government into what's known as the "postmodern coup" of 1997.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/23
Supreme Court Cites Science in Limiting Punishments for Juveniles
Greg Miller
Laurence Steinberg, a child psychologist at Temple University, was the chief scientific consultant on amicus curiae briefs submitted to the Supreme Court in the course of last week's ruling banning life imprisonment for juveniles.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/25
News Focus
Turning Over a New Leaf in China's Forests
Mara Hvistendahl
A massive redistribution of land-use rights aims to boost afforestation and sustainable forestry.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/26
LOL and a Touch of Science, Too
Elizabeth Pennisi
Cartoonist Jim Toomey finds ways to sneak marine conservation and science into his popular comic strip.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/28
Investigating the Ills Of Long-Dead Celebrities
Sam Kean
Vladimir Lenin's death was examined recently by a medical group that tries to decide how historical figures died; some historians disapprove of the practice.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/30
Letters
NextGenVoices
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/32
Technical Comments
Comment on "Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg Extinction on Mammal Diversification"
Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/34-a
Response to Comment on "Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg Extinction on Mammal Diversification"
William J. Murphy et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/34-b
Books et al.
It's the Politics
Geoffrey Garrett
Writing for nonspecialists, Acemoglu and Robinson explore the interplay of economic forces, politics, and policy choices to explain why some nations are rich and others poor.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/35
Looking to Learn
Carla Nappi
Using a series of case studies, the authors consider scientific observation as practice and as epistemic category.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/36-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 29 June 2012.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/36-b
Policy Forum
Paying Patients for Their Tissue: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks
Robert D. Truog et al.
The intuition that tissue donors are owed financial compensation is mistaken as a matter of policy and ethics.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/37
Perspectives
Human Genetic Variation, Shared and Private
Ferran Casals et al.
Analyses of rare and common variants in the genome reveal another layer of human genetic variation within and among populations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/39
Two Atoms Announce Their Long-Distance Relationship
Jürgen Volz et al.
The quantum entanglement of two atoms 20 m apart, verified by a secondary process, can enable long-distance quantum communications.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/40
A Mitochondrial Mystery, Solved
Ajit S. Divakaruni et al.
A long-awaited transporter that moves pyruvate into mitochondria has been identified.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/41
Brown-Dwarf Origins
Shantanu Basu
Observations reveal the possible formation of a brown dwarf through the collapse of an interstellar cloud fragment.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/43
A Lipid Linchpin for Wnt-Fz Docking
Mariann Bienz et al.
The crystal structure of a Wnt-Frizzled complex uncovers an unusual interaction mode, with a lipid in the binding interface holding the complex together.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/44
The Seasonal Smorgasbord of the Seas
Adrian Martin
Observational and modeling studies probe the causes and consequences of the spring bloom of phytoplankton.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/46
Haploinsufficient Gene Selection in Cancer
Chris D. Greenman
Cell proliferation experiments suggest that cancer can gain an advantage by partially inactivating several genes simultaneously with single deletion events.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/47
Reviews
Network Interventions
Thomas W. Valente
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/49
Research Articles
Eddy-Driven Stratification Initiates North Atlantic Spring Phytoplankton Blooms
Amala Mahadevan et al.
Oceans eddies can trigger springtime plankton blooms previously attributed to surface heating.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/54
Structural Basis of Wnt Recognition by Frizzled
Claudia Y. Janda et al.
The structure of the morphogen Wnt bound to its receptor provides a basis for understanding Wnt's functional pleiotropy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/59
Evolution and Functional Impact of Rare Coding Variation from Deep Sequencing of Human Exomes
Jacob A. Tennessen et al.
Most functionally consequential variants in protein-coding genes are rare and, thus, difficult to find.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/64
Reports
Interferometric Identification of a Pre-Brown Dwarf
Philippe Andre et al.
Observations by millimeter-wave interferometry reveal a substellar object not massive enough to sustain hydrogen fusion.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/69
Heralded Entanglement Between Widely Separated Atoms
Julian Hofmann et al.
Heralded entanglement between single atoms 20 meters apart is a promising step toward long-distance quantum communication.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/72
Cavity Cooling Below the Recoil Limit
Matthias Wolke et al.
Rubidium atoms are heated and cooled by single-photon absorption and emission in a narrow-bandwidth optical cavity.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/75
Large Volcanic Aerosol Load in the Stratosphere Linked to Asian Monsoon Transport
Adam E. Bourassa et al.
Even moderate volcanic eruptions can inject sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere with the help of the Asian monsoon.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/78
ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs
Lauren T. Toth et al.
A 6000-year record captures the influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation on coral reefs off the coast of Panama.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/81
The Dynamics of Cooperative Bacterial Virulence in the Field
Ben Raymond et al.
Toxin-producing individuals enable Bacillus thuringiensis to invade its host; once inside, nonproducing cheaters take over.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/85
A Single Promoter Inversion Switches Photorhabdus Between Pathogenic and Mutualistic States
Vishal S. Somvanshi et al.
A stochastic switch allows a bacterium to toggle between virulent and symbiotic forms in its hosts.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/88
Identification and Functional Expression of the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier
Sebastien Herzig et al.
Two components of the mitochondrial pyruvate transporter confer transport activity when expressed in bacteria.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/93
A Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Required for Pyruvate Uptake in Yeast, Drosophila, and Humans
Daniel K. Bricker et al.
The genes encoding two components of the pyruvate transporter in mitochondria have been identified.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/96
An Abundance of Rare Functional Variants in 202 Drug Target Genes Sequenced in 14,002 People
Matthew R. Nelson et al.
A pharmacogenomics analysis shows how challenging it will be to associate rare variants with phenotypes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/100
Recurrent Hemizygous Deletions in Cancers May Optimize Proliferative Potential
Nicole L. Solimini et al.
The genomes of cancer cells have preferentially lost genes that inhibit cell growth.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/104
A Distinct Role of the Temporal-Parietal Junction in Predicting Socially Guided Decisions
R. McKell Carter et al.
A single region of the brain is particularly engaged when one is beating an opponent at poker.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/109
Products & Materials
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/115-a
Podcast
Science Podcast
The show includes a signal for quantum entanglement, collapsing corals, diagnosing disease in the afterlife, and more.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/337/6090/115-b
