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Volume 483 Number 7391 |
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nature |
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The science that matters. Every week. | |
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ZEISS on Your Campus is a free global workshop series aimed at educating scientists and students in the fundamentals of microscopy and emerging technologies in both light and electron microscopy.
ZOYC 2012 will focus on the basics of acquiring images for scientific publication. The program includes lectures and hands-on sessions guided by microscopy experts.
Please register: www.zeiss.com/zoyc |
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Jump to the content that matters to you |
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Evidence against a chondritic Earth
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In this Perspective article, Ian Campbell and Hugh O'Neill question the long-held assumption that the Earth’s geochemical composition is chondritic - the same as that of chondritic meteorites and hence the early Solar System. |
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A new hominin foot from Ethiopia shows multiple Pliocene bipedal adaptations
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A 3.4-million year old partial skeleton of a hominin foot recently unearthed in Ethiopia shows evidence for an opposable big toe, more like that seen in modern apes or in the hominid Ardipithecus ramidus, which lived a million years earlier. The new find suggests the coexistence of more than one hominin species in the Pliocene, three to four million years ago, each with its own way of getting around. |
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Speed. Resolution. Sensitivity. Accuracy.
Hamamatsu's NanoZoomer 2.0 Series delivers all this and more. The ultimate scientific digital image-maker and virtual microscopy tool, the NanoZoomer converts glass slides into digital slides quickly and accurately, making it perfect for viewing and analyzing slide-mounted tissue at any resolution. Get reliable scanning 24/7/365 in brightfield or fluorescence at the touch of a button. |
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In this week's podcast: a new hominin foot, coral hints at long-ago sea-level rise, and Africa's soil fertility problem. |
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Must try harder ▶ |
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Too many sloppy mistakes are creeping into scientific papers. Lab heads must look more rigorously at the data — and at themselves. |
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Under surveillance ▶ |
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Global systems for monitoring threats from flu need a radical overhaul. |
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Food for thought ▶ |
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In the short term, chemical fertilizers are the best way to feed Africa. |
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Seven days: 23–29 March 2012 ▶ |
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The week in science: Global health expert may lead World Bank; Supreme Court weighs in on biotech patents; and James Cameron dives solo to the ocean’s deepest spot. |
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Climate science: A delicate balance ▶ |
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Earth's climate and biosphere have always shaped one another. James F. Kasting approves of an attempt to reveal the planet's future by reading its past. |
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Q&A: Descartes' decipherer ▶ |
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Erik-Jan Bos, a philosopher at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, unearthed research gold with an Internet search. In putting together a critical edition of René Descartes' correspondence, due out in 2014, he discovered a stolen, never-before-published letter from the seventeenth-century French philosopher and mathematician. In the run-up to Descartes' 416th birthday on 31 March, Bos discusses the hazards of chasing him down. |
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Don't Miss Out! Deadline May 1st
Are you holding the key to a research breakthrough? $3 Million in Funding now available in the following areas:
• Development of therapeutics that target specific B cell lineages involved in MS pathology
• Identification of surrogate or endogenous ligands for Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in the CNS
Proposal Deadline: May 1, 2012. |
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A unique regulatory phase of DNA methylation in the early mammalian embryo ▶ |
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Zachary D. Smith, Michelle M. Chan, Tarjei S. Mikkelsen, Hongcang Gu, Andreas Gnirke et al. |
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Reduced representation bisulphite sequencing is used to generate genome-scale DNA methylation maps in mouse gametes and several stages of early, pre-implantation embryogenesis, allowing a base-pair resolution timeline of the changes in DNA methylation during developmental transitions. |
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IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza ▶ |
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Aaron R. Everitt, Simon Clare, Thomas Pertel, Sinu P. John, Rachael S. Wash et al. |
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Interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein 3 is shown to be an innate defence mechanism against viral infection in vivo; furthermore, a subset of the patients hospitalized during the H1N1 2009 pandemic carried a variant form of the IFITM3 gene. |
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Telomerase RNA biogenesis involves sequential binding by Sm and Lsm complexes ▶ |
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Wen Tang, Ram Kannan, Marco Blanchette & Peter Baumann |
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Two complexes of RNA-binding proteins, Sm and Lsm2–8, act sequentially on telomerase RNA during its biogenesis: the Sm ring promotes 3′-cleavage and facilitates hypermethylation of the 5′-cap, whereas the Lsm2–8 complex aids binding of the telomerase catalytic subunit and prevents degradation of the RNA. |
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DBIRD complex integrates alternative mRNA splicing with RNA polymerase II transcript elongation ▶ |
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Pierre Close, Philip East, A. Barbara Dirac-Svejstrup, Holger Hartmann, Mark Heron et al. |
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Characterization of the human interactome of chromatin-associated messenger ribonucleoprotein particles identifies DBC1 and a new protein (ZIRD) as subunits of a protein complex (DBIRD) that binds directly to RNAPII, regulates alternative splicing of exons embedded in (A + T)-rich DNA, and whose depletion results in region-specific decreases in transcript elongation. |
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Exploiting a natural conformational switch to engineer an interleukin-2 ‘superkine’ ▶ |
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Aron M. Levin, Darren L. Bates, Aaron M. Ring, Carsten Krieg, Jack T. Lin et al. |
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Although IL-2 has been studied for its immune-stimulating activity against metastatic cancer, its side effects have limited its clinical use; here, an engineered IL-2 ‘superkine’ is shown to have increased activity, particularly in inducing antitumour T cells, but fewer side effects. |
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Deciphering a neuronal circuit that mediates appetite ▶ |
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Qi Wu, Michael S. Clark & Richard D. Palmiter |
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Dissection of the neuronal circuit driving feeding behaviour in mice shows that suppression of the parabrachial nucleus protects against aphagia and promotes weight gain, and also that the parabrachial nucleus is an integration hub that bidirectionally modulates feeding and body weight. |
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Chromatin-modifying enzymes as modulators of reprogramming ▶ |
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Tamer T. Onder, Nergis Kara, Anne Cherry, Amit U. Sinha, Nan Zhu et al. |
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Inhibition of DOT1L, the H3K79 histone methyltransferase, increases cell reprogramming and substituted for KLF4 and c-Myc, showing that chromatin-modifying enzymes act not only as facilitators but also as barriers to reprogramming. |
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The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity ▶ |
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Jordi Barretina, Giordano Caponigro, Nicolas Stransky, Kavitha Venkatesan, Adam A. Margolin et al. |
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The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia presents the first results from a large-scale screen of some 947 cancer cell lines with 24 anticancer drugs, with the aim of identifying specific genomic alterations and gene expression profiles associated with selective sensitivity or resistance to potential therapeutic agents. |
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The mechanism of OTUB1-mediated inhibition of ubiquitination ▶ |
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Reuven Wiener, Xiangbin Zhang, Tao Wang & Cynthia Wolberger |
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OTUB1 is an atypical deubiquitinating enzyme which prevents ubiquitin attachment and is important in the DNA damage pathway; structural analysis of OTUB1 in complex with an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme reveals that the ability of OTUB1 to inhibit ubiquitin chain synthesis is regulated by an allosteric feedback mechanism. |
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Structure and mechanism of a glutamate–GABA antiporter ▶ |
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Dan Ma, Peilong Lu, Chuangye Yan, Chao Fan, Ping Yin et al. |
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The X-ray crystal structure of the glutamate–GABA antiporter GadC is determined, revealing an inward-open conformation and providing insights into mechanism of amino acid antiport that is needed for acid resistance in bacteria. |
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Nature Outlook Graphene
Owing to its extraordinary electronic and optical properties, this super-strong form of carbon could radically advance technologies ranging from transistors to touch screens to solar cells to bionic implants.
Access the Outlook free online for six months.
Produced with support from: POSCO, LG Electronics, Graphene Square, Inc |
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Telomerase RNA biogenesis involves sequential binding by Sm and Lsm complexes ▶ |
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Wen Tang, Ram Kannan, Marco Blanchette & Peter Baumann |
|
| |
Two complexes of RNA-binding proteins, Sm and Lsm2–8, act sequentially on telomerase RNA during its biogenesis: the Sm ring promotes 3′-cleavage and facilitates hypermethylation of the 5′-cap, whereas the Lsm2–8 complex aids binding of the telomerase catalytic subunit and prevents degradation of the RNA. |
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DBIRD complex integrates alternative mRNA splicing with RNA polymerase II transcript elongation ▶ |
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Pierre Close, Philip East, A. Barbara Dirac-Svejstrup, Holger Hartmann, Mark Heron et al. |
|
| |
Characterization of the human interactome of chromatin-associated messenger ribonucleoprotein particles identifies DBC1 and a new protein (ZIRD) as subunits of a protein complex (DBIRD) that binds directly to RNAPII, regulates alternative splicing of exons embedded in (A + T)-rich DNA, and whose depletion results in region-specific decreases in transcript elongation. |
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Exploiting a natural conformational switch to engineer an interleukin-2 ‘superkine’ ▶ |
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Aron M. Levin, Darren L. Bates, Aaron M. Ring, Carsten Krieg, Jack T. Lin et al. |
|
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Although IL-2 has been studied for its immune-stimulating activity against metastatic cancer, its side effects have limited its clinical use; here, an engineered IL-2 ‘superkine’ is shown to have increased activity, particularly in inducing antitumour T cells, but fewer side effects. |
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The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia enables predictive modelling of anticancer drug sensitivity ▶ |
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Jordi Barretina, Giordano Caponigro, Nicolas Stransky, Kavitha Venkatesan, Adam A. Margolin et al. |
|
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The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia presents the first results from a large-scale screen of some 947 cancer cell lines with 24 anticancer drugs, with the aim of identifying specific genomic alterations and gene expression profiles associated with selective sensitivity or resistance to potential therapeutic agents. |
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The mechanism of OTUB1-mediated inhibition of ubiquitination ▶ |
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Reuven Wiener, Xiangbin Zhang, Tao Wang & Cynthia Wolberger |
|
| |
OTUB1 is an atypical deubiquitinating enzyme which prevents ubiquitin attachment and is important in the DNA damage pathway; structural analysis of OTUB1 in complex with an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme reveals that the ability of OTUB1 to inhibit ubiquitin chain synthesis is regulated by an allosteric feedback mechanism. |
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Structure and mechanism of a glutamate–GABA antiporter ▶ |
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Dan Ma, Peilong Lu, Chuangye Yan, Chao Fan, Ping Yin et al. |
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The X-ray crystal structure of the glutamate–GABA antiporter GadC is determined, revealing an inward-open conformation and providing insights into mechanism of amino acid antiport that is needed for acid resistance in bacteria. |
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Ice-sheet collapse and sea-level rise at the Bølling warming 14,600 years ago ▶ |
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Pierre Deschamps, Nicolas Durand, Edouard Bard, Bruno Hamelin, Gilbert Camoin et al. |
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An international drilling programme that explored offshore from the Tahiti reef establishes that an episode of rapid sea-level rise, meltwater pulse 1A, occurred between 14,650 and 14,310 years ago, and that the rise in sea level was probably between 14 and 18 metres. |
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Spontaneous coherence in a cold exciton gas ▶ |
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A. A. High, J. R. Leonard, A. T. Hammack, M. M. Fogler, L. V. Butov et al. |
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In theory, excitons can form a coherent state like a Bose–Einstein condensate, but this is difficult to produce; it is now shown that spontaneous coherence, characteristic of a condensate, can occur in a cold exciton gas. |
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Ice-sheet collapse and sea-level rise at the Bølling warming 14,600 years ago ▶ |
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Pierre Deschamps, Nicolas Durand, Edouard Bard, Bruno Hamelin, Gilbert Camoin et al. |
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An international drilling programme that explored offshore from the Tahiti reef establishes that an episode of rapid sea-level rise, meltwater pulse 1A, occurred between 14,650 and 14,310 years ago, and that the rise in sea level was probably between 14 and 18 metres. |
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Evidence against a chondritic Earth ▶ |
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Ian H. Campbell & Hugh St C. O’Neill |
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The hidden-reservoir explanation for the non-chondritic composition of the accessible Earth is inconsistent with the heat carried by mantle plumes, which suggests that the whole Earth is not chondritic, perhaps due to preferential loss of crusts from precursor bodies by collisional erosion during accretion. |
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Frontiers in Electronic Materials: Correlation Effects and Memristive Phenomena
June 17-20, 2012 • Aachen, Germany
This conference will bring together leaders in the field to discuss breakthroughs and challenges in fundamental research as well as prospects for future applications.
To register and for more information, visit: http://www.nature.com/natureconferences/fem2012 |
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Epigenetics: Marked for success ▶ |
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The growing field of cancer epigenetics demands computational expertise and translational research experience. Qualified practitioners are in high demand. |
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Unions banned ▶ |
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Michigan rules that graduate-student research assistants cannot form unions. |
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A tough climb ▶ |
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Challenging your own ideas and opinions takes more than just a change of scenery, says Andrew Peterman. |
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Careers related news & comment |
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naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week |
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No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter. |
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• Nature events featured events |
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natureevents featured events |
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Nature events is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide. |
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Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA
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© 2012 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. | |
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