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Science, 24 February 2012 (Volume 335, Issue 6071) http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol335/issue6071/index.dtl?etoc Also online at Science:: Science Express -- selected papers published in advance of print Daily News -- daily postings from Science's award-winning news team Science Signaling -- online cell signaling journal and knowledge environment Science Careers -- job postings and career advice for scientists Science Translational Medicine -- integrating medicine and science

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Old Elephants Make Bad Role Models It's Official: Physics Is Hard Some Planets Are Alien Invaders Salvation in Sight for Australian Synchrotron

In this week's issue:

Research Summaries

This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol335/issue6071/twis.dtl

Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol335/issue6071/twil.dtl

India's "Science for All" Academy
Raghunath Mashelkar
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/891

This Week's Section

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/896-a

Around the World

In science news around the world this week, space researchers in Switzerland are seeking funding to build a spacecraft that would help reduce space debris in orbit around Earth, the Gates Foundation is funding agricultural impact monitoring in Africa, and journals have been warned not to publish diesel exhaust studies.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/896-b

Newsmakers

This week's Newsmaker is Susan Hockfield, the first woman and first biologist to run the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who is stepping down as president after 7 years.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/896-c

Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol335/issue6071/findings.dtl

Random Sample

This week, InnoCentive announced the winners of its latest Web-based challenge: to use smartphones to detect potholes. And a graph posted by the National Institutes of Health this month highlights the growing imbalance between the youngest and oldest researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/897-b

AAAS Meeting

Highlights of the AAAS annual meeting, which attracted about 4500 attendees to Vancouver, Canada, from 16 to 20 February, include a major review of fracking and a reactor-free recipe for isotopes.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/898

WHO Group: H5N1 Papers Should Be Published in Full
Jon Cohen
An international group of 22 influenza scientists, public health officials, and journal editors recommended last week that the details of how a highly pathogenic bird flu virus was rendered capable of being transmitted easily among mammals be published in full.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/899

Scientists Decry Cuts That Would Doom ExoMars Missions
Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
The president's 2013 budget request eliminates funding for the 2016 Mars mission called Trace Gas Orbiter, which received $27 million this year, as part of a 20% cut to NASA's planetary science division.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/900

Bigger Contribution to ITER Erodes Domestic Fusion Program
Adrian Cho
To pay for the ITER fusion reactor, the United States may have to sacrifice the very community of researchers who would use the machine when it is ready.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/901

Advocates Win 'Exceptional' Boost for Alzheimer's Research
Jocelyn Kaiser
The 2013 budget proposed by President Barack Obama last week gives special attention to one disease: Alzheimer's, which will receive $80 million in new research funding from a source outside NIH's budget.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/902

Kansas Veterinary Biosecurity Lab Trampled in Spending Plan
David Malakoff
A flagship government biodefense laboratory set to be built in Kansas is facing critical funding troubles-in part because of fierce opposition from cattle ranchers the facility is supposed to help.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/903

India Rising
Richard Stone
India excels in rocketry and nuclear science but has produced few breakthroughs in other fields. Now, free of sanctions and swimming in cash, the world's largest democracy is gunning for status as a scientific powerhouse.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/904

Ad Astra, With a 'Uniquely Indian Flavor'
Pallava Bagla
India's space program has a bold agenda this year: It aims to launch five rockets and four satellites, all built at home.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/906

India's Scholar-Prime Minister Aims for Inclusive Development
Pallava Bagla et al.
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh plans to increase the government's R&D spending and create incentives for the private sector to increase spending on science and technology as well.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/907

Crowd-Sourcing Drug Discovery
Pallava Bagla
The Open Source Drug Discovery network's army of volunteers is building a kind of Wikipedia on tuberculosis, which is the leading cause of death in India for those in the prime of life.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/909

Drawing a Bead on India's Enigmatic Monsoon
Pallava Bagla
This year, India's Ministry of Earth Sciences is launching a 5-year, $75 million "monsoon mission" to improve the study of complex ocean-atmosphere interactions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/910

Uniting Church and Science for Conservation
Catherine L. Cardelús et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/915

Growing Need for Agriculture Experts
Jeffrey Volenec et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/917

Demography's Role in Sustainable Development
Wolfgang Lutz et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/918-a

Corrections and Clarifications

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/918-b

Comment on "Levy Walks Evolve Through Interaction Between Movement and Environmental Complexity"
Vincent A. A. Jansen et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/918-c

Response to Comment on "Levy Walks Evolve Through Interaction Between Movement and Environmental Complexity"
Monique de Jager et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/918-d

The Many Lives of Whales
Gregg Mitman
Exploring the course and consequences of cetacean research through the 20th century, Burnett charts the interplay of science, conservation, and politics that substantially remade relationships between humans and whales.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/920

Grand Master of Reconstruction
Mary A. Parrish
Milner offers a beautifully illustrated survey of the life and work of the celebrated paleoartist Charles R. Knight.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/921-a

Books Received

A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 17 February 2012.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/921-b

Preserving Montreal Protocol Climate Benefits by Limiting HFCs
Guus J. M. Velders et al.
With no impending global controls on HFCs, the Montreal Protocol offers a near-term path to preserve its climate benefits.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/922

Some Like It Hot
Felisa A. Smith
A study of horse evolution illustrates the connection between environmental temperature and mammal body size.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/924

Frictional Dissipation-Blame It on the Rain
Dargan M. W. Frierson
Satellite observations reveal the extent to which rainfall removes kinetic energy from the atmosphere, and thus its impact on circulation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/925

Cell Death by Glutamine Repeats?
Christopher D. Link et al.
A glutamine-rich protein plays a role in developmentally regulated cell death in C. elegans.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/926

How a Neurotoxin Survives
Michael Adler
Botulinum neurotoxin must form a complex with a structurally similar protein to survive in the gastrointestinal tract.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/928

Solving Amorphous Structures-Two Pairs Beat One
J. Murray Gibson
Consideration of atomic ordering beyond just pairs of atoms shows that amorphous silicon is better modeled as paracrystalline material than as a disordered network.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/929

Mendelian Puzzles
Aravinda Chakravarti et al.
Variations that lie outside of the coding region of a mutated gene can give rise to a range of clinical phenotypes for a Mendelian genetic disorder.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/930

A Season for Inquiry: Investigating Phenology in Local Campus Trees
Tammy Long et al.
Campus Trees, the IBI Prize-winning module, uses local phenology to create authentic inquiry experiences in undergraduate biology.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/932

AAAS News and Notes

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/935

Disease Tolerance as a Defense Strategy
Ruslan Medzhitov et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/936

Extremely Long-Lived Nuclear Pore Proteins in the Rat Brain
Jeffrey N. Savas et al.
Individual components of rat brain nuclear pores can be almost as old as the animal itself.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/942

Evolution of Shape by Multiple Regulatory Changes to a Growth Gene
David W. Loehlin et al.
The comparison of two closely related parasitoid wasps reveals the genetic bases for differences in size and shape of male Nasonia wings.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/943

Field-Effect Tunneling Transistor Based on Vertical Graphene Heterostructures
L. Britnell et al.
Boron nitride or molybdenum disulfide layers sandwiched between graphene sheets act as tunneling barriers to minimize device leakage currents.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/947

The Local Structure of Amorphous Silicon
M. M. J. Treacy et al.
Amorphous silicon is more accurately described by a paracrystalline model, not the idealized continuous random network.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/950

Satellite Estimates of Precipitation-Induced Dissipation in the Atmosphere
Olivier Pauluis et al.
Falling precipitation rivals turbulence in dissipating atmospheric energy.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/953

Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization Related to Modest Reduction in Precipitation
Martín Medina-Elizalde et al.
The fall of Maya civilization occurred over two centuries when droughts reduced precipitation by up to 40 percent annually.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/956

Evolution of the Earliest Horses Driven by Climate Change in the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Ross Secord et al.
Oxygen isotope measurements of fossil teeth show that the body size of the horse Sifrhippus decreased as temperature increased.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/959

One-Time Transfers of Cash or Capital Have Long-Lasting Effects on Microenterprises in Sri Lanka
Suresh de Mel et al.
Small businesses run by the urban poor enjoy greater profits and longevity 5 years after receiving a helping hand.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/962

Evolutionarily Assembled cis-Regulatory Module at a Human Ciliopathy Locus
Jeong Ho Lee et al.
Mutation in either of a pair of neighboring, coordinately expressed genes causes indistinguishable human disease.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/966

Control of Nonapoptotic Developmental Cell Death in Caenorhabditis elegans by a Polyglutamine-Repeat Protein
Elyse S. Blum et al.
A nematode protein containing runs of the amino acid glutamine, like some linked to neurodegeneration, causes cell death.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/970

The Robustness and Restoration of a Network of Ecological Networks
Michael J. O. Pocock et al.
Analysis of seven interconnected networks on a farm reveals that they vary in their fragility, but that they do not covary.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/973

Botulinum Neurotoxin Is Shielded by NTNHA in an Interlocked Complex
Shenyan Gu et al.
Structural and biochemical studies show how a bacterial toxin protects itself against digestion in the gut.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/977

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Experiments Determine Protein Folding Transition Path Times
Hoi Sung Chung et al.
Quickly and slowly folding proteins take the same time to cross the barrier from the unfolded to the folded state.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/981

The Alarmin Interleukin-33 Drives Protective Antiviral CD8⁺ T Cell Responses
Weldy V. Bonilla et al.
A danger signal released from dying cells is required for antiviral immunity in mice.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/984

The Cellular Basis of GABA_B-Mediated Interhemispheric Inhibition
Lucy M. Palmer et al.
Coordinating the right and left sides of the brain is mediated by the inhibition of activation in neuronal dendrites.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/989

LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: A New Era For Clinical Models
Mike May
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/994

New Products

A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/997-a

Science Podcast

The show includes restoring ecological "networks of networks," climate change and early horse evolution, the state of science in India, and more.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/335/6071/997-b