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In this week's issue:
Research Summaries
This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol333/issue6050/twis.dtl
Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol333/issue6050/twil.dtl
Editorial
Rethinking Clinical Trials
Andrew Grove
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1679
News of the Week
This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1684-a
Around the World
In science news around the world this week, a Senate panel cut NSF's budget and weighed in on a telescope race, Rwanda has partnered with Carnegie Mellon University to create Carnegie Mellon Rwanda, NASA announced it had selected a design for the new Space Launch System, Indian scientists are calling for a major rewrite of the proposed Animal Welfare Act of 2011, and Israel is joining CERN.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1684-b
Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are geoscientist Iain Stewart, who spent 48 hours in an airtight plastic chamber with about 160 plants as his sole source of oxygen as part of a new BBC documentary on plants; Italian veterinary scientist Ilaria Capua, winner of the 2011 World Leadership in Animal Health Award; and Victoria Xia, 15, who took first place and earned $25,000 at the third annual Math Prize for Girls contest.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1685-a
Random Sample
On 23 September, archaeologists and historians from across Europe will reconstruct the evolution of clothing on the catwalk. PHD Comics, the cartoon read by procrastinating grad students everywhere, is coming to life on the big screen: The PHD Movie debuted 22 September at the California Institute of Technology. And this week's numbers quantify funding for chronic fatigue syndrome research and the amount that five common, chronic noncommunicable diseases will cost the world by 2030.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1685-b
Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol333/issue6050/findings.dtl
News & Analysis
The Tevatron's Epitaph: Solid Science, No Surprises
Adrian Cho
As physicists plan to gather at Fermilab next week to toast the Tevatron, which is being shut down after a quarter-century reign as the world's highest energy collider, they say its legacy is a mixed bag.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1687
Star Measurements Hint at Many More Abodes for Life
Ron Cowen
Reexamining a group of stars observed by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, astronomers say they have identified a trove of candidate planets that are both Earth-sized and potentially habitable.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1688
Aboriginal Genome Shows Two-Wave Settlement of Asia
Ann Gibbons
In a paper published online this week in Science, geneticists report that they have sequenced the first complete genome of an Australian Aboriginal.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1689
Webb Telescope Pulled Back From the Brink-For Now
Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Last week, a Senate panel threw a lifeline to the James Webb Space Telescope by allocating $530 million for the project, $156 million more than the Administration's request.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1691
Tracing the Paths of the First Americans
Michael Balter
New findings support earlier indications that the Paleoindians, the ancestors of today's Native Americans, stem from a single Asian source population.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1692
Banking Seeds for Future Evolutionary Scientists
Elizabeth Pennisi
Last week, the National Science Foundation awarded a group of plant evolutionary biologists $1.2 million to spend the next 4 years collecting and banking seeds that won't be used until 5, 10, or even 50 years from now.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1693
News Focus
False Positive
Jon Cohen et al.
A report in Science 2 years ago that linked a mouse retrovirus, XMRV, to chronic fatigue syndrome astonished scientists and patients alike. But the theory soon began to take hits, and now, to all but a few researchers, it has completely unraveled.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1694
Letters
Breathing Life into Mortality Data Collection
Chalapati Rao
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1702
Revolutionize Egypt's Science Culture
Mohamed El-Sherbeini
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1702
Decentralize Egypt's Higher Education
Jeffrey H. Toney et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1703-a
Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1703-b
Books et al.
Field Work as Art and Science
Harry W. Greene
Through essays that incorporate examples from their own notebooks, the contributors describe their experiences in and methods for recording field observations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1704
Consequent Capture of Strange Fish
Samantha Tang et al.
Atkins aims to help readers imagine what occurs on the molecular scale when atoms are drawn into a variety of combinations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1705-a
Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 16 September 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1705-b
Education Forum
The Pseudoscience of Single-Sex Schooling
Diane F. Halpern et al.
Single-sex schooling lacks scientific support and may exaggerate sexism and gender stereotyping.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1706
Perspectives
The Sperm's Sweet Tooth
Paul M. Wassarman
Human sperm bind to a sugar moiety present on glycoproteins of the egg's outer coat.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1708
Biodiversity and Productivity
Michael R. Willig
The relationship between species richness and ecosystem productivity appears to be very complex.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1709
Coexisting with Cattle
Johan T. du Toit
In East Africa, large wild herbivores both compete with and benefit cattle.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1710
A Black Widow's Best Friend?
Frederic A. Rasio
Observations reveal an exotic planetary companion to a millisecond pulsar.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1712
Antibiotic Resistance, Not Shaken or Stirred
Ryan L. Frisch et al.
Microdevices for microbial culture may better capture the evolution of antibiotic resistance in real-world environments.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1713
Ironing Out Hydrogen Storage
Sascha Ott
The use of formic acid for storage of hydrogen fuel is enabled by an iron compound that catalyzes dehydrogenation
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1714
Generating Helices in Nature
Yoel Forterre et al.
A general model accounts for different types of helical shapes that can result from bilayers of stretchable, bendable sheets.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1715
Reports
Transformation of a Star into a Planet in a Millisecond Pulsar Binary
M. Bailes et al.
Timing observations of a millisecond pulsar reveal a planet that is far denser than any known planet.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1717
Electrically Controlled Nonlinear Generation of Light with Plasmonics
Wenshan Cai et al.
A plasmonic structure is used to electrically produce frequency-doubled light.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1720
Coherent Two-Dimensional Nanoscopy
Martin Aeschlimann et al.
Coherent electronic states excited by ultrafast laser pulses were imaged at subwavelength resolution with photoelectrons.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1723
Geometry and Mechanics in the Opening of Chiral Seed Pods
Shahaf Armon et al.
Two joined latex strips show complex twisting behavior similar to that of seed pods.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1726
The Role of a Bilayer Interfacial Phase on Liquid Metal Embrittlement
Jian Luo et al.
The formation of single-layer complexes between different metals is a cause of liquid metal embrittlement.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1730
Efficient Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid Using an Iron Catalyst
Albert Boddien et al.
Iron-catalyzed hydrogen generation raises prospects for a cheap hydrogen storage medium.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1733
Megacity Emissions and Lifetimes of Nitrogen Oxides Probed from Space
Steffen Beirle et al.
Analysis of downwind plume evolution using satellite observations can be used for air pollution estimates.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1737
Inbreeding Promotes Female Promiscuity
Łukasz Michalczyk et al.
After a population bottleneck, polyandry allows females to select sperm with the best prospects for fitness.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1739
Asynchronous Diversification in a Specialized Plant-Pollinator Mutualism
Santiago R. Ramírez et al.
Insect sensory biases played a major role in driving reproductive adaptations in flowering plants.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1742
Single-Base Pair Unwinding and Asynchronous RNA Release by the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Helicase
Wei Cheng et al.
During RNA unwinding, nucleotides are transiently sequestered, and their release is decoupled from base pair opening.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1746
Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness
Peter B. Adler et al.
Standardized sampling from many sites worldwide was used to address an important ecological problem.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1750
African Wild Ungulates Compete with or Facilitate Cattle Depending on Season
Wilfred O. Odadi et al.
Native wildlife enhance cattle performance during the wet season in a savanna landscape.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1753
Disentangling the Drivers of β Diversity Along Latitudinal and Elevational Gradients
Nathan J. B. Kraft et al.
Increases in species turnover of woody plants at low latitudes and elevations are explained by the size of species pools alone.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1755
A Role for Snf2-Related Nucleosome-Spacing Enzymes in Genome-Wide Nucleosome Organization
Triantaffyllos Gkikopoulos et al.
Three chromatin remodeling enzymes in yeast drive higher-order chromatin compaction.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1758
Human Sperm Binding Is Mediated by the Sialyl-Lewisx Oligosaccharide on the Zona Pellucida
Poh-Choo Pang et al.
Fertilization in humans is initiated by binding of spermatozoa to a selectin ligand on the egg's extracellular matrix.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1761
Acceleration of Emergence of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance in Connected Microenvironments
Qiucen Zhang et al.
Gradients of antibiotics generated in a microfluidic device provoke selection of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1764
Promoting the Middle East Peace Process by Changing Beliefs About Group Malleability
Eran Halperin et al.
A belief that the beliefs of other groups are changeable rather than fixed is conducive to negotiation.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1767
Products & Materials
New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1770-a
Podcast
Science Podcast
The show includes an Aboriginal Australian genome, assessing single-sex education, the latest on XMRV and chronic fatigue, and more.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/333/6050/1770-b
