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Science, 6 May 2011 (Volume 332, Issue 6030) http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6030/index.dtl?etoc Also online at Science:: Science Express -- selected papers published in advance of print ScienceNOW -- daily postings from Science's award-winning news team Science Signaling -- online cell signaling journal and knowledge environment Science Careers -- job postings and career advice for scientists

In this week's issue:

Indigenous Genomics
Vanessa Hayes
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/639

This Week in Science
Editor summaries of this week's papers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6030/twis.dtl

Editors' Choice
Highlights of the recent literature
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6030/twil.dtl

This Week's Section
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/646-a

Around the World
In science news around the world this week, scientists are urging greater protection for the Arctic as ice recedes, Africa's first cervical cancer prevention program has been launched, French researchers are balking at limits on African travel, a group of Pacific Ocean island states has scored a victory in their battle to preserve the world's last major stocks of tuna, and a radiation safety expert has resigned his governmental advisory post in protest over standards for schoolchildren exposed to radiation from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/646-b

Random Sample
Stanford University will begin a new Ph.D. program in stem cell science in 2012. Leafsnap lets iPhone users point and shoot at a leaf and compare the image to a central database of 8000 leaves. A new survey by two Kentucky teenagers suggests that school science fairs might be cradles of scientific misconduct. And this week's numbers quantify artifacts in Syracuse University's Plastics Collection, contest entries to name the European Commission's next science and technology funding program, and the percentage of U.K. survey respondents who agreed that "scientists make a valuable contribution to society."
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/646-c

Newsmakers
This week's Newsmakers are Peter Lawrence of the University of Cambridge, whose out-of-print developmental biology textbook was briefly worth over $23 million, and Roger Beachy, the top scientist for extramural research at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, who is leaving his post this month for personal reasons.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/647

Findings
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol332/issue6030/findings.dtl

China's Population Growing Slowly, Changing Fast
Preliminary figures from China's 2010 census released last week show that the country is still growing—but not as quickly as during the previous decade.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/650

NIH Wins in Appeals Court, But Legal Battle Continues
An appeals court last week threw out a temporary ban on the use of federal funds for human embryonic stem cell research.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/651

EPA Proposal Would Exempt Some GMOs From Registry
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a draft rule that would exempt cisgenic organisms—which contain only genetic material from sexually compatible species—from the requirement to be registered with EPA before being field-tested or marketed.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/652

Anonymous Alcoholic Bankrolls Trial of Controversial Therapy
An anonymous Dutch donor has given the University of Amsterdam a half-million euros to conduct a rigorous placebo-controlled study of baclofen to treat addiction.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/653

Red in Tooth and Claw Among the Literati
Upset by the isolation of their field, some critics are trying to bring Darwin's ideas and recent science to the study of literature. They haven't been popular.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/654

Car-Crash Epidemiologist Pushes Systemic Attack on Bad Driving
China, burdened with traffic casualties, is trying a "three-line defense": screening drivers for accident-proneness; training drivers to correct poor driving habits; and monitoring roads for dangerous conditions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/657

Dating Duo Illuminates Modern Humans' Journey
By improving a powerful dating technique, a professional and personal couple fills in the blanks of human evolution.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/658-a

New Light on Ancient Samples
Optically stimulated luminescence dating, which measures the time since grains of either quartz or feldspar were exposed to light, is the only method that can be used to date the actual sediments in which archaeological materials are found, back to at least 200,000 years ago.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/658-b

An Unexpected Spotlight
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6030/662-a

New University Plan Skips Crucial Steps
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6030/662-b

Symmetrical Transparency in Science
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6030/663

Bringing Research into the Classroom
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6030/664-a

Corrections and Clarifications
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6030/664-b

Fitting Science and Screen
Malcolm A. MacIver
Offering a fresh perspective on the intersection between science and cinema, Kirby focuses on the roles scientist-consultants play in attempts to depict science and researchers in movies more plausibly.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/665

Energy, People, and the Natural World
We offer short reviews of ten of the movies presented in this year's Environmental Film Festival in Washington, DC.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/666-a

Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 29 April 2011.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/666-b

Transforming U.S. Agriculture
J. P. Reganold et al.
Achieving sustainable agricultural systems will require transformative changes in markets, policies, and science.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/670

Twisted Disks
Heikki Salo
Ripple patterns in Saturn's and Jupiter's rings result from collisions with comets.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/672

Ancient Neurons Regulate Immunity
Kevin J. Tracey
The innate immune system of multicellular animals is regulated by the nervous system.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/673

Designing the Next Generation of Chemical Separation Membranes
D. L. Gin and R. D. Noble
New materials can be prepared as membranes that may allow their performance to beat long-standing limits.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/674

Hot Electrons Cross Boundaries
Martin Moskovits
Devices based on gold nanostructures that convert absorbed light into electrical current can be used to detect near-infrared light.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/676

Flow Cytometry, Amped Up
C. Benoist and N. Hacohen
The novel technique of mass cytometry opens a new chapter in single-cell biology.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/677

Jürg Tschopp (1951–2011)
Luke A. O'Neill
A scientist's basic research into cell death and inflammation will continue to have a clinical impact.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/679

Scaffold Proteins: Hubs for Controlling the Flow of Cellular Information
M. C. Good et al.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/680

Single-Cell Mass Cytometry of Differential Immune and Drug Responses Across a Human Hematopoietic Continuum
S. C. Bendall et al.
Simultaneous measurement of more than 30 properties in individual human cells is used to characterize signaling in the immune system.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/687

Observation of Orbital Currents in CuO
V. Scagnoli et al.
Resonant x-ray scattering is used to detect microscopic loop currents within the plane of cupric oxide.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/696

Imaging Doped Holes in a Cuprate Superconductor with High-Resolution Compton Scattering
Y. Sakurai et al.
Inelastic x-ray scattering probed the doping dependence of the electronic environment within a cuprate superconductor.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/698

Photodetection with Active Optical Antennas
M. W. Knight et al.
An active optical antenna-diode combines the functions of light-harvesting and excited-electron injection.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/702

Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology
L. Schmitz and R. Motani
Comparison of eye structures between fossils and modern species suggests that Mesozoic archosaurs were active day and night.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/705

Saturn’s Curiously Corrugated C Ring
M. M. Hedman et al.
Spacecraft observations show that Saturn’s and Jupiter’s rings preserve records of recent interplanetary debris collisions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/708

The Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Sends Ripples Through the Rings of Jupiter
M. R. Showalter et al.
Spacecraft observations show that Saturn’s and Jupiter’s rings preserve records of recent interplanetary debris collisions.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/711

Single-Cell Genomics Reveals Organismal Interactions in Uncultivated Marine Protists
H. S. Yoon et al.
Marine protist cells from the wild environment contain DNA from several viruses and bacteria, but apparently lack plastids.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/714

A Family of IFN-–Inducible 65-kD GTPases Protects Against Bacterial Infection
B.-H. Kim et al.
Guanylate-binding proteins coordinately regulate oxidative and autophagic responses to intracellular bacteria.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/717

Normalization for Sparse Encoding of Odors by a Wide-Field Interneuron
M. Papadopoulou et al.
A single neuron is responsible for adaptive normalization in an olfactory circuit generating sparse odor representations.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/721

Relationship Between Clinical Signs and Transmission of an Infectious Disease and the Implications for Control
B. Charleston et al.
Livestock experiments provide precise parameters for incubation and infectious periods for foot-and-mouth disease virus.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/726

Neuronal GPCR Controls Innate Immunity by Regulating Noncanonical Unfolded Protein Response Genes
J. Sun et al.
Two nematode worm neurons "smell" disease and promote resistance to pathogens.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/729

Transient Activation of the HOG MAPK Pathway Regulates Bimodal Gene Expression
S. Pelet et al.
Bimodal expression of genes is activated in response to osmotic stress.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/332/6030/732

New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/739-a

Science Podcast
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/739-b

LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: Sorting Cells for Medicine
Anne Harding
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/332/6030/736

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